Y-DNA Haplogroup O and its Subclades - 2015

Because of continuing research, the structure of the Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree changes and ISOGG does its best to keep the tree updated with the latest developments in the field. The viewer may observe other versions of the tree on the Web. Email Ray Banks if the differences need clarification or if you find any broken links on this page.

The criteria for a representative SNP printed in bold for a subclade is: traditional usage, testing one in multiple labs, and/or being found in the area of the chromosome used in recent research studies.

SNPs listed below in italics (colored black or red) are quality variants from next-generation sequencing reports consistently showing as representing that subgroup.

Paragroups, subclades ending with an asterisk (*) indicate that some individuals do not test positive for any snps downstream. Since this fact is commonly known, paragroups are being omitted to simplify the display of SNPs.

^ Indicates a next-generation sequencing entry which does not yet meet quality guidelines for minimum number of reads

Contact Person for Haplogroup O: Youngmin JeongAhn or Owen Lu

Link to Experimental Composite Y-DNA Haplogroup O Tree by Ray Banks.

O   M175, CTS647, CTS874/M1530, CTS1182/M1740, CTS1658/M1746, CTS1853/M1747, CTS2340, CTS2419/M1748, CTS3283/M1749, CTS3771/M1750, CTS5118/M1752, CTS5493/M1753, CTS7498/M1758, CTS7553/M1759, CTS7942/M1760, CTS8384/M1762, CTS8746/M1763, CTS9039/M1766, CTS9544/M1767, CTS9577, CTS9602/M1768, CTS10784/M1779, CTS10995/M1780, CTS11705, CTS11955/M1781, CTS12865/M1783, F14/M1738, F45/M1739, F84/M1741, F137/M1743, F171/M1573, F175, F182/M1744, F282/M1359, F315/M1751, F355/M1754, F371/M1756, F380/M1757/S27659, F452/M1761, F478/M1764, F494/M1765, F537/M1769, F540, F546/M1770, F600/M1777, F614/M1778, F663, F668/M1782, FGC12433, FGC12434, FCG12436, L101, L1361/M1771, M1742, M1745, M1772, M1773, M1774, M1775, M1776, P186, P188, P191, P196, Z16951, Z16952, Z16953, Z16954, Z16955, Z16956, Z16957, Z16958, Z16959, Z16960, Z16961, Z16962, Z16963, Z16964, Z16965, Z16966, Z16967
• O1   F265/M1354, CTS2866, F75/M1297, F429/M1415, F465/M1422
• • O1a   M119, CTS31, F589/Page20
• • • O1a1   B384/Z23193
• • • • O1a1a   M307.1/P203.1, CTS3422, CTS4351, CTS5059, CTS6864, CTS7015, CTS8229, CTS8875, CTS8934, CTS9321, CTS11688, F31, F54, F89, F303/S27129, F333, L83
• • • • • O1a1a1   F446, CTS4588, F560, FGC15381/K620/Z23389, K613/Z23387, K619/Z23388
• • • • • •  O1a1a1a   F140, CTS611, CTS3089, CTS3265, CTS3269, CTS11270, F157, F343, F424, F518, F571, FGC15382/Z23466, FGC15391/Y14275/Z23470, FGC15383/K625/Z23474, V68.2, Z23457
• • • • • • •  O1a1a1a1   F78, CTS3758, CTS10963, F168, F206
• • • • • • • •  O1a1a1a1a   F81
• • • • • • • • • O1a1a1a1a1   F492, CTS2498, CTS2594, CTS4206, CTS5075, CTS11784^, F619, K629/Z23478
• • • • • • • • • • O1a1a1a1a1a   F656, Z23481
• • • • • • • • • O1a1a1a1a2   CTS4585, FGC15395/Y14269, FGC15397/Y14272, FGC15398/Y13987, FGC15399/Y13986, FGC15400/Y13989, FGC15401/Y13988, FGC15402/Y13984, FGC15409/Y13985, Y14273
• • • • • •  O1a1a1b   SK1568/Z23420
• • • • • • •  O1a1a1b1   M101
• • • • • • •  O1a1a1b2   Z23392, Z23404, Z23440
• • • • • • • •  O1a1a1b2a   Z23442
• • • • • • • • • O1a1a1b2a1   SK1571, Z39268
• • • • • O1a1a2   CTS52, CTS5880, CTS8423, CTS11785, F4084
• • • • • •  O1a1a2a   CTS701, CTS4115, CTS6217
• • • • • • •  O1a1a2a1   K644/Z23266, Z23269
• • • • O1a1b   CTS5726, CTS3085, CTS3400, CTS7370^, CTS8228^, CTS9138^, CTS9243^, CTS9540^, CTS11079, F819^, F1452, F1620.2, F2104, F2644^, F2852^, F3063, F3495, F3640, SK1589, Z39164, Z39165, Z39166^, Z39167, Z39168, Z39169, Z39170, Z39171^, Z39172^, Z39173, Z39174, Z39175^, Z39176, Z39177, Z39178, Z39179^, Z39180^, Z39181, Z39182, Z39183^, Z39184, Z39185, Z39186, Z39187, Z39188, Z39189, Z39180, Z39181, Z39182, Z39183, Z39184, Z39185, Z39186, Z39187, Z39188, Z39189, Z39190, Z39191, Z39192, Z39193, Z39194, Z39195, Z39196^, Z39197, Z39198^, Z39199^
• • • O1a2   M110, F881, F908, F1081, F1608, F1880, F2340, F2380, F2635, F2671, F3134, F3152, F3157, F3214, M50, M103
• • • • O1a2a   F3288
• • • • • O1a2a1   B392, Z38606, Z38607, Z38608, Z38609, Z38610, Z38611
• • • • • •  O1a2a1a   B393, Z38612
• • O1b   M268, F138, F167/L690 , F256/M1341, F292/M1363, F330/L463, F435/M1417, F516, P31
• • • O1b1   F2320, F3008/M1441, F3286/M1465
• • • • O1b1a   M1470
• • • • • O1b1a1   PK4, CTS6616/M1392, CTS7320/M1405, CTS7541/M1407, CTS7548/M1408, CTS8589/M1425, CTS9150, CTS11303, F722/M1279, F932/M1290, F1058/M1302, F1085/M1305, F1130/M1306, F1265.1/M1313.1, F1346/M1316, F1353/M1317, F1809/M1352, F2317, F2338.2/M1391.2, F3033/M1443/Z2838, F3424/M1489, F3439/M1494
• • • • • •  O1b1a1a   M95, F709, F987/M1300, F1931/M1362, F2176/M1376, F2254/M1383, F2917/M1436, F4233/M1404
• • • • • • •  O1b1a1a1   F1803/M1348, CTS6251/M1384, M1310
• • • • • • • • O1b1a1a1a   F1252
• • • • • • • • • O1b1a1a1a1   M111, M88, CTS1163, F1120, F1643, F2346, F2454, F2524, F2554, F2861, F3055
• • • • • • • • • • O1b1a1a1a1a   F2758, CTS10965
• • • • • • • • • • •  O1b1a1a1a1a1   Z24089
• • • • • • • • • • • •  O1b1a1a1a1a1a   F923, F1108, F2411, F3671
• • • • • • • • • • • • •  O1b1a1a1a1a1a1   CTS2022
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •  O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a   F1399, F3053
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a1   F2415, CTS3745, Z3955
• • • • • • • • • • • • •  O1b1a1a1a1a1a2   Z24131
• • • • • • • • • • • • •  O1b1a1a1a1a1a3   Z24100
• • • • • • • • • • • •  O1b1a1a1a1a1b   SK1627/Z24091, Z24093
• • • • • • • • • • • • •  O1b1a1a1a1a1b1   Z39410
• • • • • • • • • • •  O1b1a1a1a1a2   Z24088
• • • • • • • • • • O1b1a1a1a1b   F2890
• • • • • • • • • • •  O1b1a1a1a1b1   Z24048
• • • • • • • • • • • •  O1b1a1a1a1b1a   Z24050
• • • • • • • • • • •  O1b1a1a1a1b2   Z24014
• • • • • • • • • O1b1a1a1a2   CTS5854, Z23743, Z23744
• • • • • • • • • • O1b1a1a1a2a   Z23810
• • • • • • • • • • •  O1b1a1a1a2a1   CTS7399 , FGC19685, FGC19699
• • • • • • • • • • • •  O1b1a1a1a2a1a   FGC19713/Y14026 , Z23858
• • • • • • • • • • •  O1b1a1a1a2a2   CTS651, CTS5267, CTS7642, CTS8722, CTS9915
• • • • • • • • • • • •  O1b1a1a1a2a2a   CTS9884
• • • • • • • • • • O1b1a1a1a2b   F4229, Z23769, Z23795, Z23807
• • • • • • • • O1b1a1a1b   F789/M1283, F2028/M1367, F2522/M1410, F3092, F3318/M1469, F4181/M1357
• • • • • • • • • O1b1a1a1b1   FGC29900/Y9322/Z23667
• • • • • • • • • • O1b1a1a1b1a   B426/FGC29896/Y9033/Z23671 , FGC29897/Y9320/Z23673, FGC29898/Y9036/Z23674, FGC29899/Y9034/Z23672
• • • • • • • • • • •  O1b1a1a1b1a1   FGC29907/YP3930 , SK1640/YP3931
• • • • • • • • • • •  O1b1a1a1b1a2   B427/Z23680 , M6661
• • • • • • • • • • O1b1a1a1b1b   Z39485 , Z39486^, Z39487, Z39488, Z39489^
• • • • • • • • • • O1b1a1a1b1c   B418 , Z39490
• • • • • • • • • O1b1a1a1b2   SK1646
• • • • • • •  O1b1a1a2   CTS350, CTS2549, CTS3471, CTS6531, CTS7187, CTS7270, CTS7809, CTS11962.2/Z2953.2
• • • • • •  O1b1a1b   F838, CTS892
• • • • • • •  O1b1a1b1   F1199, F1309, F1685, F1742, F2189, F2445, F2995, F3353
• • • • • O1b1a2   Page59, CTS1456, CTS1719, CTS4040, CTS5528, CTS5745, CTS7643, F883, F888, F1098, F1485, F2117, F2290, F2601, F3016, F3079, F3445
• • • • • •  O1b1a2a   F993, CTS2335, CTS5445, CTS7866, CTS8849, CTS10154, CTS10437, CTS11033, F1484, F1669, F2120, F2124, F2131, F2383, F2414, F2590, F2771, F2862, F3036, F3135, F3217, F3262, SK1659, Z24391
• • • • • • •  O1b1a2a1   F1759, CTS5847, CTS8414, CTS11890, F2064, F3314, F3323, F3346, F3478, Z24393, Z24407
• • • • • •  O1b1a2b   F417/M1654, CTS7268, CTS10113, F1236, F1860, F1956, F2061, F2504, F2775, F3252, F3291, F3632
• • • • • • •  O1b1a2b1   F840, CTS250, CTS949, F984, FGC30073, Y10774
• • • • • • • • O1b1a2b1a   F1127, CTS10685, F1628, F1776, F2183
• • • • • • •  O1b1a2b2   CTS1451, CTS4475, CTS5284, CTS6503, CTS9341
• • • • • •  O1b1a2c   CTS9996
• • • O1b2   P49, F1942/Page92, IMS-JST022454, M176//Page63/SRY465, M302
• • • • O1b2a   F1204, F1290, F1530, F1805, F2634, F2960, F3147, F3327, F3356, K10
• • • • • O1b2a1   CTS713, CTS7776, CTS8032, CTS10145, CTS10341, CTS10674, CTS11723, CTS11986, K7
• • • • • •  O1b2a1a   CTS1875, CTS7465, CTS8777
• • • • • • •  O1b2a1a1   CTS10682, CTS1966, CTS3764.2, CTS3926, CTS6725, CTS7366, CTS8034, Z24596
• • • • • •  O1b2a1b   Z24598, Z24599
• • • • • •  O1b2a1c   CTS203, CTS6622, CTS9892
• • • • • O1b2a2   F2868, F3110, K4
• • • • • •  O1b2a2a   L682, CTS2734, CTS6803, CTS9322, K28
• • • • • • •  O1b2a2a1   CTS723, Z24624
• • • • • • • • O1b2a2a1a   CTS7620, Z39506
• • • • • •  O1b2a2b   F940, F1912, F3390
• • • • • O1b2a3   CTS10687, F1800, F1813, F1823, F1877, F3821
• • • • • •  O1b2a3a   CTS1215, CTS3729, F787, F867, F1553, F2026, F2604, F2767, F3065
• • • • O1b2b   CTS562, CTS3505, CTS10354
• O2    M122, CTS10736, CTS10753, F36, F400, F433, F471, F633, P198
• • O2a   M324, CTS8153, CTS8399, F27, F71, F113, F129, F166, F341, F406, F572, P93/Page79, P197, P199, P200
• • • O2a1   L127.1, CTS5687, CTS7638, CTS11981, F51, F58, F95, F145, F159, F164, F170, F243, F272, F300, F304, F305, F412, F498, F573, F601, F642, F676, KL1/L465, KL2/L467
• • • • O2a1a   F1876/Page127, F964, F2159, F2726, F2789, F3143, F3169, F4102
• • • • • O2a1a1   F1867/Page124
• • • • • •  O2a1a1a   F2266
• • • • • • •  O2a1a1a1   L599, M121
• • • • • •  O2a1a1b   F854
• • • • • O2a1a2   F915, CTS7667, F1478, F1675, F1920, F2528, F2633, F2975, F3046, F3182, F3284, F3287, F3417, F3656, F3669, F4195, F4312, PF5390
• • • • • •  O2a1a2a   CTS1936, Z24782, Z24797, Z24818
• • • • O2a1b   M164
• • • • O2a1c   IMS-JST002611, CTS1872, CTS2483, CTS5879, F61, F99, F240, F247, F302, F309, F460, F562
• • • • • O2a1c1   F18, CTS11342
• • • • • •  O2a1c1a   F11, F425/Page69
• • • • • • •  O2a1c1a1   F632
• • • • • • • • O2a1c1a1a   F110/M11115, F133, F434, F646
• • • • • • • • • O2a1c1a1a1   F17, CTS3663, CTS4414, CTS5822, CTS11839, F357, F529, F620, F672
• • • • • • • • • • O2a1c1a1a1a   F377
• • • • • • • • • • •  O2a1c1a1a1a1   F1095, CTS7789, F1249, F1250, F1611, F2270, F2427, F2732
• • • • • • • • • • • •  O2a1c1a1a1a1a   F856
• • • • • • • • • • •  O2a1c1a1a1a2   CTS7501
• • • • • • • • • • O2a1c1a1a1b   F793, F1316, F2035, F2108, F3433
• • • • • • •  O2a1c1a2   F38, F106, F136, F142, F178, F270, F286, F358, F381, F386, F475, F479, F485, F553, F592, F625, F1978, F3131, F3453
• • • • • • •  O2a1c1a3   F12, F196, F480, F659, F660
• • • • • • •  O2a1c1a4   F930, F1232, F2356, F2589
• • • • • • • • O2a1c1a4a   F2685
• • • • • • •  O2a1c1a5   F1365/M5420/PF1558, F921, F1676, F2109, F2180, F2213, F3232, F3452, F4062, Y15975, Y15976, Y15978, Y15979, Y15980, Y16154, Y16155
• • • • • • • • O2a1c1a5a   SK1686
• • • • • • •  O2a1c1a6   CTS12877, Z25165
• • • • • • • • O2a1c1a6a   F2527
• • • • • • • • • O2a1c1a6a1   CTS5409, CTS6236
• • • • • • • • • O2a1c1a6a2   F2941, F4073, F4119
• • • • • • •  O2a1c1a7   F723, F971, F972, F1210, F1351, F1422, F1638, F2357, F2560, F2719, F3042, F3103, F3270, F4171
• • • • • •  O2a1c1b   F449
• • • • • • •  O2a1c1b1   F238
• • • • • • • • O2a1c1b1a   F134, F271, F322
• • • • • • • • • O2a1c1b1a1   F1273, F1894, F2468, F3256, F3309, F3434
• • • • • • • • • O2a1c1b1a2   F724, F1156, F1336, F1910
• • • • • • •  O2a1c1b2   F1266, F1497, F2016, F4267
• • • • • O2a1c2   FGC3750/SK1673, L133.2/Page74.2
• • • O2a2   IMS-JST021354/P201, CTS8236, F525
• • • • O2a2a   M188
• • • • • O2a2a1   F2588, CTS3106, F2638
• • • • • • O2a2a1a   CTS445 , CTS11727, F2055, F2221, F2329, F2592, F3559
• • • • • • •  O2a2a1a1   CTS201
• • • • • • • • • O2a2a1a1a   M159/Page96
• • • • • • •  O2a2a1a2   M7, F2591, F2594, F2680, F3177, F3342, F3371, F4066, M209
• • • • • • • •  O2a2a1a2a   F1276, F1898, F2179, F2428, F2962, F3406, F4064, F4173
• • • • • • • • • O2a2a1a2a1   CTS6489
• • • • • • • • • • O2a2a1a2a1a   F1275, F2309, F3085
• • • • • • • • • • • O2a2a1a2a1a1   M113
• • • • • • • • • • • O2a2a1a2a1a2   N5, F1100, F1234, F1411, F3229, F3516
• • • • • • • • • • • O2a2a1a2a1a3   Z25400
• • • • • • • • • O2a2a1a2a2   F1863, F2079
• • • • • • • • • • O2a2a1a2a2a   F1134, F1992, F2332, F2480, F2612
• • • • • • • • • • • O2a2a1a2a2a1   F1262, F2208, F2515, F3469
• • • • • • O2a2a1b   F1837 , F2576, F2928, F4088, F4163
• • • • • O2a2a2   F879
• • • • • • O2a2a2a   F1226
• • • • • • •  O2a2a2a1   F2859, F2937
• • • • O2a2b   P164, CTS4723, CTS11109, CTS12099, F130, F131, F299, F422, F427
• • • • • O2a2b1   M134, F100/M1546
• • • • • • O2a2b1a   F450/M1667
• • • • • • •  O2a2b1a1   M117, Page23, CTS899/M1531, CTS1275/M1536, CTS3251, CTS5128/M1619, CTS6623/M1638, CTS11742/M1720, F141/M1564, F144, F235/M1587, F342/M1627, F373/M1636, F476/M1671, F579/M1692, F581, F584, F613/M1702, F649
• • • • • • • •  O2a2b1a1a   M133, F8, F42
• • • • • • • • • O2a2b1a1a1   F438
• • • • • • • • • • O2a2b1a1a1a   Y17728
• • • • • • • • • • • O2a2b1a1a1a1   F155, CTS1304, F201, F254, F276, F316, F414, F440
• • • • • • • • • • • O2a2b1a1a1a2   F1754
• • • • • • • • • • • •  O2a2b1a1a1a2a   F2137, F2503, F2643
• • • • • • • • • • • O2a2b1a1a1a3   Z25907, Z25908, Z25909
• • • • • • • •  O2a2b1a1b   CTS4960, SK1717, SK1720, SK1721
• • • • • • •  O2a2b1a2   F114, CTS7655, F122, F274/Page125, F403, F430, F444, F499/Y19, F593, F701
• • • • • • • •  O2a2b1a2a   F79, F314, F372
• • • • • • • • • O2a2b1a2a1   F46/Y15, CTS2643, CTS11192, CTS11459, F174, F323/Y17, F353, F388, F442, F502, F507/Y18, F532, F2039
• • • • • • • •  O2a2b1a2b   F743, CTS1933, F1835, F2599, F2600, F3451
• • • • • O2a2b2   F706, CTS1366, F871, F996, F1481, F1598, F1645, F1672, F1693, F2029, F2083, F2139, F2469, F2654, F2683, F3223, F3237
• • • O2a3   M300
• • • O2a4   M333

Private SNPs are being removed from the tree and placed in the following category:
Private SNPs - After having been investigated, these SNPs have not met the population distribution criteria for placement on the tree. Either too few confirmed positive testers have been found OR multiple confirmed testers were confined to either a single surname or to a small group of related males.

• N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N11 were discovered downstream of M175. Listed 6 Apr 2006.
• M297 is downstream from M95 and parallel to M88. Listed 7 August 2012.
• N4 is downstream from M113. Listed 7 August 2012.
• P386 is downstream from M7. Listed 7 August 2012.
• P103 is downstream from IMS-JST002611. Listed 18 July 2013.
• P101 is downstream from M134. Listed 23 December 2015.

SNPs under Investigation - Additional testing is needed to confirm adequate positive samples and/or correct placement on the tree.

• L246, L247.1/S293.1 and L466 have been found in F265. Listed 26 Oct 2011.
• L387.1 has been found in P201, Listed 26 Oct 2011.
• L681 has been found in L682. Listed 26 Oct 2011.
• Page109 has been found under M119, parallel to M50. Listed 26 Oct 2011.
• Page103 has been found downstream of M95. Listed 26 Oct 2011.
• Page90 has been found downstream of SRY465. Listed 26 Oct 2011.
• Page130 has been found downstream of Page 124. Listed 26 Oct 2011.
• Page101 has been found downstream of Page 125. Listed 26 Oct 2011.
• F2911 is at approximately CTS5726. Listed 27 October 2015.
• SK1533, B388, Z39229/YP4610, Z39230/YP4600, Z39231/YP4601, Z39232/YP4603, Z39233/YP4605, Z39234/YP4607, Z39235/YP4609, Z39236/YP4611, Z39237/YP4612, Z39238/YP4613, Z39239/YP4614, Z39240/YP4615, Z39241/YP4616, Z39242/YP4617, Z39243/YP4618, Z39244/YP4619, Z39245/YP4620, Z39246/YP4621, Z39247/YP4602, Z39248/YP4604, Z39249/YP4608 are downstream from F140, and not F78. Listed 1 & 5 November 2015.
• CTS11553^, CTS409, CTS2245^, CTS4924^, CTS5922^, K630^/Z23504^, Z23494^, Z23495^, Z23496^, Z23499^, Z23505^ are downstream from F492 and not F656. Listed 11 November 2015.

NOTES:

• Identical SNPs that were discovered separately are listed in alphabetical order, not necessarily in the order of discovery, and separated by "/". Examples: M307.2/P203.2, M176/SRY465, DYS257,P27.2, P201/021354
• P164 is now defined to be an A to G mutation (rs17316007, Y-position 12511232) downstream of P201 and upstream of M134. P386 is now defined to be a T to C mutation downstream of M7. These snps were earlier confused. The tree is reorganized as of 24 June 2011.
• The L1 insertion (also known as LINE1) which appeared in previous versions of the tree is associated with subclades within sub-group O3 but has been observed to be absent due to recurrent deletions so is not included in the current version of the tree.
• The position of provisional snps M300 and M333 relative to L127.1, KL1/L464 and KL2/L467 is unknown.
• MSY2.2 was removed from tree because not providing reliable results.
• 47z was removed from tree not meeting quality guidelines and replaced by equivalent CTS713.
• M312 was found by Kwon et al. (2015) not to provide results previously reported.
• M162_1, M162_2 removed from tree because not meeting quality guidelines.

Y-DNA haplogroup O probably originated in East Asia and later migrated into the South Pacific. The lineage expanded into Taiwan (high frequency in the aboriginal Taiwanese), Indonesia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.

O-M122 is the predominant sub-group in China. The O-F265 and O-PK4 lineages are found in Southeast Asian populations of Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia and southern China. The O-P49 sub-group is of high frequency in the Japanese and Korean populations.

References:
Capredon et al, Tracing Arab-Islamic Inheritance in Madagascar: Study of the Y-chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA in the Antemoro. PLoS ONE 8(11): e80932. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080932, 2013.
Chen et al, Y Chromosome Genotyping and Genetic Structure of Zhuang Populations. (abstract) Acta Genetica Sinica, 33(12), 1060-72, 2006.
Cinnioglu et al, Excavating Y-chromosome Haplotype Strata in Anatolia. (pdf) Human Genetics. 114:127-148, 2004.
Cox M P & Lahr M M, Y-Chromosome Diversity Is Inversely Associated with Language Affiliation in Paired Austronesian- and Papuan-Speaking Communities from Solomon Islands. (pdf) American Journal of Human Biology, 18:35-50, 2006.
Cruciani et al, A Back Migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa Is Supported by High-Resolution Analysis of Human Y-Chromosome Haplotypes. American Journal of Human Genetics, 70:1197-1214, 2002.
Delfin et al, The Y Chromosome Landscape of the Philippines: Extensive Heterogeneity and Varying Genetic Affinities of Negrito and Non-Negrito Groups. (abstract) European Journal of Human Genetics, 19:224-30, 2011.
Deng et al, Evolution and Migration History of the Chinese Population Inferred from the Chinese Y-chromosome Evidence. (pdf) Journal of Human Genetics, 49:339-348, 2004.
Dulik et al, Y-Chromosome Variation in Altaian Kazakhs Reveals a Common Paternal Gene Pool for Kazakhs and the Influence of Mongolian Expansions. (pdf) PLoS ONE, Vol. 6, Issue 3, e17548, 2011.
Hammer et al, Dual Origins of the Japanese: Common Ground for Hunter-gatherer and Farmer Y Chromosomes. (abstract) Journal of Human Genetics, 51:47-58, 2006.
Jin et al, Genetic Diversity of Two Haploid Markers in the Udegey Population from Southeastern Siberia. (abstract) American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 142:303-313, 2010.
Jin et al, The Peopling of Korea Revealed by Analyses of Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosomal Markers. PLoS One, vol 4(1):ed4210, 2009.
Karafet et al, New Binary Polymorphisms Reshape and Increase Resolution of the Human Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup Tree. Abstract. Genome Research, published online April 2, 2008. Supplementary Material.
Karafet et al, Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns, and Microevolutionary Processes. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 69:615-628, 2001.
Kayser et al, The Impact of the Austronesian Expansion: Evidence from mtDNa and Y Chromosome Diversity in the Admiralty Islands of Melanesia. Molecular Biology Evolution, 25(7):1362-1374, 2008.
Kayser et al, Independent Histories of Human Y Chromosomes from Melanesia and Australia. American Journal of Human Genetics, 68:173-190, 2001.
Kayser et al, Melanesian and Asian Origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y-Chromosome Gradients across the Pacific. MBE Advance Access published August 21, 2006.
Kayser et al. Reduced Y-Chromosome, but Not Mitochondrial DNA, Diversity in Human Populations from West New Guinea. American Journal of Human Genetics, 72:281-302, 2003.
Li et al, Paternal Genetic Affinity between Western Austronesians and Daic Populations BMC Evolutionary Biology, Vo. 15(8), p. 146, 2008.
Mohyuddin et al, Detection of Novel Y SNPs Provides Further Insights into Y Chromosomal Variation in Pakistan. Journal of Human Genetics, 2006.
Mona et al, Patterns of Y-chromosome Diversity Intersect with the Trans-New Guinea Hypothesis. Mol Biol Evol. 2007 Sep 10; [Epub ahead of print]
Naitoh S, et al, Assignment of Y-chromosomal SNPs Found in Japanese Population to Y-chromosomal Haplogroup tree. Journal of Human Genetics, 2013 Feb 7. doi: 10.1038/jhg.2012.159, 2013.
Nonaka et al, Y Chromosomal Binary Haplogroups in the Japanese Population and their Relationship to 16 Y-STR Polymorphisms. (abstract) Annals of Human Genetics, 71:480-495, 2007.
Regueiro et al, Iran: Tricontinental Nexus for Y-Chromosome Driven Migration. (abstract) Human Heredity, Vol. 61, No 3, 132-143, 2006.
Rootsi S, Human Y Chromosomal Variations in European Populations. (dissertation) Council of the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Oct 2004.
Rozen et al, Remarkably Little Variation in Proteins Encoded by the Y Chromosome's Single-Copy Genes, Implying Effective Purifying Selection. American Journal of Human Genetics. 2009 December 11; 85(6): 923-928.
Scheinfeldt et al, Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia. Society for Molecular Biology, 2006.
Sengupta et al, Polarity and Temporality of High Resolution Y-chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 78:202-221, 2006.
Shen et al, Reconstruction of Patrilineages and Matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli Populations from Y-Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation. (pdf) Human Mutation, 24:248-260, 2004.
Shi et al, Y-Chromosome Evidence of Southern Origin of the East Asian-Specific Haplogroup O3-M122. (abstract) American Journal of Human Genetics. 77:408-419, 2005.
Su et al, Y-chromosome Evidence for a Northward Migration of Modern Humans into Eastern Asia during the Last Ice Age. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 65:1718-1724, 1999.
Tan S, et al, Y-chromosome Polymorphisms Define the Origin of the Mang, an Isolated Population in China. Annals of Human Biology, Sep;34(5):573-581, 2007
Thangaraj et al, Genetic Affinities of the Andaman Islanders, a Vanishing Human Population. (pdf) Current Biology, 13:86-93, 2003.
Shi Yan et al, An Updated Tree of Y-chromosome Haplogroup O and Revised Phylogenetic Positions of Mutations P164 and PK4. European Journal of Human Genetics advance online publication 20 April 2011; doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.64
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Xue et al, A Spatial Analysis of Genetic Structure of Human Populations in China Reveals Distinct Difference between Maternal and Paternal Lineages. European Journal of Human Genetics, 16:705-17, 2008.
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Zhao et al, Presence of Three Different Paternal Lineages among North Indians: A Study of 560 Y Chromosomes. (abstract) Annals of Human Biology, 36(1):46-59, 2009.
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Additional Resources:
ISOGG Wiki - What you need to know about Genetic Genealogy.
O Y-Haplogroup Project, Denis Grigoriev, Youngmin JeongAhn, Sastrosudharmo, Asan Kaygy, Owen Lu.

Corrections/Additions made since 1 January 2015:

• Added CTS31; added F75, F138, F256, F265, F292, F429, F435, F465, F516, F3686 to Investigation on 25 January 2015.
• Replaced Gareth Henson with Youngmin JeongAhn as Contact Person for Haplogroup O on 24 September 2015.
• Added Owen Lu as Contact Person on 6 October 2015.
• Added CTS5726, CTS3085, CTS3400, CTS7370, CTS8228, CTS9138, CTS9243, CTS9540, CTS11079, F819, F1452, F1620.2, F2104, F2644, F2852, F3063, F3495, F3640, SK1589, Z39164, Z39165, Z39166, Z39167, Z39168, Z39169, Z39170, Z39171, Z39172, Z39173, Z39174, Z39175, Z39176, Z39177, Z39178, Z39179, Z39180, Z39181, Z39182, Z39183, Z39184, Z39185, Z39186, Z39187, Z39188, Z39189, Z39180, Z39181, Z39182, Z39183, Z39184, Z39185, Z39186, Z39187, Z39188, Z39189, Z39190, Z39191, Z39192, Z39193, Z39194, Z39195, Z39196, Z39197, Z39198, Z39199 to tree on 26 October 2015
• Added F2911 to SNPs under Investigation; added B384/Z23193 to tree on 27 October 2015.
• Changed M101 to Provisional; added F446, CTS4588, F560, K613/Z23387, K619/Z23388, FGC1538/K620/Z23389 to tree on 28 October 2015.
• Added F140, CTS611, CTS3089, CTS3265, CTS3269, CTS11270, F157, F343, F424, F518, F571, FGC15382/Z23466, FGC15391/Y14275/Z23470, FGC15383/K625/Z23474, Z23457 to tree on 29 October 2015.
• Added V68.2, F3288 to tree on 30 October 2015.
• Added F81 to tree; added SK1533, B388, Z39229, Z39230, Z39231, Z39232, Z39233, Z39234, Z39235, Z39236, Z39237, Z39238, Z39239, Z39240, Z39241, Z39242, Z39243, Z39244, Z39245, Z39246, Z39247, Z39248, Z39249 to SNPs under Investigation on 1 November 2015.
• Added CTS4585, FGC15395/Y14269, FGC15397/Y14272, FGC15398/Y13987, FGC15399/Y13986, FGC15400/Y13989, FGC15401/Y13988, FGC15402/Y13984, FGC15409/Y13985, Y14273 F492, CTS2498, CTS2594, CTS4206, CTS5075, CTS11784, F619 to tree on 2 November 2015.
• Added F656, Z23481, SK1568/Z23420 to tree on 3 November 2015.
• Added YP4600, YP4601, YP4602, YP4603, YP4604, YP4605, YP4607, YP4608, YP4609, YP4610, YP4611, YP4612, YP4613, YP4614, YP4615, YP4616, YP4617, YP4618, YP4619, YP4620, YP4621 to SNPs under Investigation on 5 November 2015.
• Added Z23392, Z23440, Z23404, Z23442, SK1571, Z39268, CTS52, CTS5880, CTS8423, CTS11785, F4084, CTS701, CTS4115, CTS6217, K644/Z23266, Z23269 to tree on 10 November 2015.
• Added CTS11553, CTS409, CTS2245, CTS4924, CTS5922, K630/Z23504, Z23494, Z23495, Z23496, Z23499, Z23505 to SNPs under Investigation on 11 November 2015.
• Added B392, Z38606, Z38607, Z38608, Z38609, Z38610, Z38611, B393, Z38612, CTS3422, CTS4351, CTS5059, CTS6864, CTS7015, CTS8229, CTS8875, CTS8934, CTS9321, CTS11688, F31, F54, F89, F303/S27129, F333, L83, F881, F908, F1081, F1608, F1880, F2340, F2380, F2635, F2671, F3134, F3152, F3157, F3214 to tree on 12 November 2015.
• Moved F75, F265, F429, F465 from SNPs under investigation to tree; removed F3686 not meeting quality guidelines; removed MSY2.2; added CTS2866, M1354, M1297, M1415, M1422 to tree; renamed all of previous O2 and O3 subgroups on 15 November 2015.
• Added F330, F2320, F3008/M1441, F3286/M1465, M1470, F1803/M1348, F1252 to tree on 16 November 2015.
• Added CTS350, CTS2549, CTS3471, CTS6531, CTS7187, CTS7270, CTS7809, CTS11962.2/Z2953.2 to tree on 17 November 2015.
• Added M1341, M1361, M1417, CTS5854, Z23743, Z23744, F789/M1283, F2028/M1367, F2522/M1410, F3092, F3318/M1469, F4181/M1357, F838, CTS892, CTS1456, CTS1719, CTS4040, CTS5528, CTS5745, CTS7643, F883, F888, F1098, F1485, F2117, F2290, F2601, F3016, F3079, F3445 to tree; moved F138, F256, F292, F435, F516, Page59 from investigation to tree on 23 November 2015.
• Added CTS6616/M1392, CTS7320/M1405, CTS7541/M1407, CTS7548/M1408, CTS8589/M1425, CTS9150, CTS11303, F722/M1279, F932/M1290, F1058/M1302, F1085/M1305, F1130/M1306, F1346/M1316, F1353/M1317, F1809/M1352, F2317, F2338.2/M1391.2, F3033/M1443/Z2838, F3424/M1489, F3439/M1494, F709, F987/M1300, F1931/M1362, F2176/M1376, F2254/M1383, F2917/M1436, F4233/M1404, CTS6251/M1384, M1310, CTS1163, F1120, F1643, F2346, F2454, F2524, F2554, F2861, F3055 to tree; moved F1265.1/M1313.1 from Investigation to tree on 25 November 2015.
• Added F1204, F1290, F1530, F1805, F2634, F2960, F3147, F3327, F3356, K10, CTS713, CTS7776, CTS8032, CTS10145, CTS10341, CTS10674, CTS11723, CTS11986, K7, F2868, F3110, K4, CTS2734, CTS6803, CTS9322, K28, F940, F1912, F3390, CTS10687, F1800, F1813, F1823, F1877, F3821, CTS562, CTS3505, CTS10354 to tree on 27 November 2015.
• Moved 47z, M312 from tree to notes; removed L272.2 not meeting quality guidelines on 28 November 2015.
• Added F2758, CTS10965, Z24089, F923, F1108, F2411, F3671, CTS2022, F1399, F3053, F2415, CTS3745, Z3955, Z24131, Z24100, SK1627/Z24091, Z24093, Z39410 to tree on 29 November 2015.
• Added Z24088, F2890, Z24048, Z24050, Z24014 to tree on 30 November 2015.
• Added Z23810, CTS7399, FGC19685, FGC19699, FGC19713/Y14026, Z23858, CTS651, CTS5267, CTS7642, CTS8722, CTS9915, CTS9884, F4229, Z23769, Z23795, Z23807 to tree on 2 December 2015.
• Added FGC29900/Y9322/Z23667, B426/FGC29896/Y9033/Z23671, FGC29897/Y9320/Z23673, FGC29898/Y9036/Z23674, FGC29899/Y9034/Z23672, FGC29907/YP3930, SK1640/YP3931, B427/Z23680, M6661, Z39485, Z39486, Z39487, Z39488, Z39489, B418, Z39490, SK1646 to tree on 4 December 2015.
F1199, F1309, F1685,
• Added F1199, F1309, F1685, F1742, F2189, F2445, F2995, F3353 to tree on 5 December 2015.
• Added F993, CTS2335, CTS5445, CTS7866, CTS8849, CTS10154, CTS10437, CTS11033, F1484, F1669, F2120, F2124, F2131, F2383, F2414, F2590, F2771, F2862, F3135, F3217, F3262, F417/M1654, CTS7268, CTS10113, F1236, F1860, F1956, F2061, F2504, F2775, F3252, F3291, F3632, F840, CTS250, CTS949, F984, FGC30073, Y10774, CTS1451, CTS4475, CTS5284, CTS6503, CTS9341, CTS9996 to tree on 7 December 2015.
• Added F1759, CTS5847, CTS8414, CTS11890, F2064, F3314, F3323, F3346, F3478, Z24393, Z24407, F1127, CTS10685, F1628, F1776, F2183 to tree on 8 December 2015.
• Added CTS1875, CTS7465, CTS8777, CTS1966, CTS3764.2, CTS3926, CTS6725, CTS7366, CTS8034, Z24596, Z24598, Z24599, CTS203, CTS6622, CTS9892, CTS723, Z24624, CTS7620, Z39506 to tree on 8 December 2015.
• Added CTS1215, CTS3729, F787, F867, F1553, F2026, F2604, F2767, F3065, F3036, Z24391, SK1659, F2266, L599 to tree; moved F1876/Page127, F1867/Page124 from SNPs under Investigation to tree; removed DYS257_1/DYS257_2/P27.2_1/P27.2_2 not meeting quality guidelines on 10 December 2015.
• Added F964, F2159, F2726, F2789, F3143, F3169, F4102, F854, F915, CTS7667, F1478, F1675, F1920, F2528, F2633, F2975, F3046, F3182, F3284, F3287, F3417, F3656, F3669, F4195, F4312, PF5390, CTS1936, Z24782, Z24797, Z24818 to tree on 13 December 2015.
• Added F18, CTS11342, F632, F110/M11115, F133, F434, F646, F17, CTS3663, CTS4414, CTS5822, CTS11839, F357, F529, F620, F672, F377, F1095, CTS7789, F1249, F1250, F1611, F2270, F2427, F2732, F856, CTS7501, F793, F1316, F2035, F2108, F3433, F449, F1266, F1497, F2016, F4267, FGC3750/SK1673, L133.2/Page74.2 to tree on 14 December 2015.
• Added F38, F106, F136, F142, F178, F270, F286, F358, F381, F386, F475, F479, F485, F553, F592, F625, F1978, F3131, F3453 to tree on 15 December 2015.
• Added F12, F196, F480, F659, F660, F930, F1232, F2356, F2589, F2685, F1365/M5420/PF1558, F921, F1676, F2109, F2180, F2213, F3232, F3452, F4062, Y15975, Y15976, Y15978, Y15979, Y15980, Y16154, Y16155, SK1686, CTS12877, Z25165, F2527, CTS5409, CTS6236, F2941, F4073, F4119, F723, F971, F972, F1210, F1351, F1422, F1638, F2357, F2560, F2719, F3042, F3103, F3270, F4171 to tree on 16 December 2015.
• Added F134, F271, F322, F1273, F1894, F2468, F3256, F3309, F3434, F724, F1156, F1336, F1910, CTS1872, CTS2483, CTS5879, F61, F99, F240, F247, F302, F309, F460, F562, CTS5687, CTS7638, CTS11981, F51, F58, F95, F145, F159, F164, F170, F243, F272, F300, F304, F305, F412, F498, F573, F601, F642, F676 to tree on 18 December 2015.
• Added F2588, CTS3106, F2638, CTS445, CTS11727, F2055, F2221, F2329, F2592, F3559, CTS201 to tree on 20 December 2015.
• Added F2591, F2594, F2680, F3177, F3342, F3371, F4066, F1276, F1898, F2179, F2428, F2962, F3406, F4064, F4173, CTS6489, F1275, F2309, F3085, F1100, F1234, F1411, F3229, F3516, Z25400, F1863, F2079, F1134, F1992, F2332, F2480, F2612, F1262, F2208, F2515, F3469, F1837, F2576, F2928, F4088, F4163, F879, F1226, F2859, F2937 to tree on 21 December 2015.
• Moved P101 from tree to Private; moved M162_1, M162_2 from tree to Notes on 23 December 2015.
• Moved F274/Page125 from Investigation to tree; Added F100/M1546, F450/M1667, CTS4960, SK1717, SK1720, SK1721, F114, CTS7655, F122, F274/Page125, F403, F430, F444, F499/Y19, F593, F701, F79, F314, F372, F46/Y15, CTS2643, CTS11192, CTS11459, F174, F323/Y17, F353, F388, F442, F502, F507/Y18, F532, F2039, F743, CTS1933, F1835, F2599, F2600, F3451 to tree; updated descriptions of O groups on 24 December 2015.
CTS899/M1531, CTS1275/M1536, CTS3251, CTS5128/M1619, CTS6623/M1638, CTS11742/M1720, F141/M1564, F144, F235/M1587,
• Added F342/M1627, F373/M1636, F476/M1671, F579/M1692, F581, F584, F613/M1702, F649, F8, F42, F438, Y17728, CTS1304, F201, F254, F276, F316, F414, F440, F1754, F2137, F2503, F2643, Z25907, Z25908, Z25909 to tree on 27 December 2015.

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