Y-DNA Haplogroup Q and its Subclades - 2015

Because of continuing research, the structure of the Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree changes and ISOGG does its best to keep the tree updated with the latest developments in the field. The viewer may observe other versions of the tree on the Web. Email Ray H. Banks if the differences need clarification or if you find any broken links on this page.

The criteria for a representative SNP printed in bold for a subclade is: traditional usage, testing one in multiple labs, and/or being found in the area of the chromosome used in recent research studies.

SNPs listed below in italics (colored black or red) are quality variants from next-generation sequencing reports consistently showing as representing that subgroup.

Paragroups, subclades ending with an asterisk (*) indicate that some individuals do not test positive for any snps downstream. Since this fact is commonly known, paragroups are being omitted to simplify the display of SNPs.

Contact people for Haplogroup Q: Leonard Trujillo and Vladimir Gurianov

Link to Experimental Composite Y-DNA Haplogroup Q Tree by Ray Banks.

Q   M242, CTS3727/L808/M1105, CTS4717/M997, CTS7532/M1133, F826/M1064, F1237.1/M1077.1/V2083.1, F1293/M1080/V2215, F1728/M1092, F1829/M992/Z801, F2603/M1020, F3067/M1150, F4052/M1063, FGC1751, FGC1753/Y1984, FGC1754/Y1987, FGC1755, FGC1757/Y2000, FGC1985, FGC4603/Y1972, FGC6793, FGC7649/Y2365, FGC12193, M1047, M1074, M1154, M1163, M1166
• Q1   L232/S432, L273.1/M2690.1, L274, P36.2
• • Q1a   MEH2, F903/L472, CTS97/M1062, CTS511/M1065/Z796, CTS1845/M1087, CTS2006/M1088, CTS3122/M1100, CTS3717/M1104, CTS4793, CTS4849/M1111, CTS5301/M1117/Z804, CTS5804/M1122, CTS6354/M1126, CTS7056/M1131, CTS7611/M1134, CTS7686/M1136, CTS10772/M1170, CTS11133/M1173, F1304/M1081, F1426/M1083, F2360/M1128, F2656/M1140, F2676/L528, F2790/M1142, F2840/M1144, FGC6786/Y2465, FGC6787, FGC6788/Y2466, FGC6789/Y2467, FGC6790/Y2464, FGC6792/Y2468, FGC6794/Y2475, FGC8092, FGC8413, FGC8415, FGC10649, M1085, M1155, M1158, M1165, M1168, M1169
• • • Q1a1   F1096, F844, F1215, F1251, F2371, F2786, F3243, SK1914, Y587, Y588, Y592, Y601, Y604, Y627, Y663, Y664, Y692, Y706, Z19218, Z19219, Z19220, Z19221, Z19222, Z19223
• • • • Q1a1a   F746/NWT01
• • • • • Q1a1a1   M120, M265/N14
• • • • Q1a1b   M25, M143
• • • • • Q1a1b1   L712
• • • • • • Q1a1b1a   L713, L715, M365.3
• • • Q1a2   M346, L56/S324, L57, CTS2656/L892, F2122/L942, F3773/L474
• • • • Q1a2a   L53/S326, L55, L213, L331, L475, L476
• • • • • Q1a2a1   L54
• • • • • • Q1a2a1a   CTS11969/M930, CTS11970
• • • • • • • Q1a2a1a1   M3, L341.2
• • • • • • • • Q1a2a1a1a   M19
• • • • • • • • Q1a2a1a1b   M194
• • • • • • • • Q1a2a1a1c   M199, P106, P292
• • • • • • • • Q1a2a1a1d   L663
• • • • • • • • Q1a2a1a1e   SA01
• • • • • • • • Q1a2a1a1f   L766
• • • • • • • Q1a2a1a2   L804, L805
• • • • • • Q1a2a1b   CTS1780/M981, M971/Z780, CTS2730/M988
• • • • • • • Q1a2a1b1   L191
• • • • • • • Q1a2a1b2   L569, L570, L571
• • • • • • Q1a2a1c   L330, L334
• • • • • • • Q1a2a1c1   L329, L332, L333
• • • • Q1a2b   F835/L940
• • • • • Q1a2b1   L527, L529.1, L639
• • • • • Q1a2b2   L933, L938, L941
• • • • • • Q1a2b2a   L205.2/L939.2/S239.2
• • • • Q1a2c   M323.1
• • Q1b   L275, F108, F711/L612, F713, F753, F803, F815, F911, F1082, F1126, F1169, F1205, F1280, F1337, F1406, F1528, F1537, F1858, F1875, F1924, F1974, F2023, F2145, F2250, F2313, F2343, F2440, F2532, F2593, F2628, F2657, F2777, F2851, F2894, F2934, F3084, F3121, F3193, F3207, F3389, F3621, F3675, F3680, FGC1762/Y1979, FGC7652/Y1992, L314, L606, M10886, Y1014, Y1015, Y1017, Y1018, Y1019, Y1020, Y1021, Y1022, Y1024, Y1025, Y1026, Y1027, Y1028, Y1029, Y1030, Y1032, Y1033, Y1034, Y1035, Y1036, Y1037, Y1038, Y1039, Y1040, Y1041, Y1042, Y1043, Y1044, Y1045, Y1046, Y1047, Y1048, Y1049, Y1050, Y1051, Y1052, Y1053, Y1054, Y1055, Y1056, Y1057, Y1059, Y1060, Y1061, Y1062, Y1063, Y1064, Y1065, Y1066, Y1067, Y1068, Y1069, Y1070, Y1071, Y1072, Y1073, Y1074, Y1075, Y1076, Y1077, Y1078, Y1079, Y1080, Y1081, Y1082, Y1083, Y1084, Y1085, Y1086, Y1087, Y1088, Y1089, Y1090, Y1091, Y1092, Y1093, Y1094, Y1095, Y1096, Y1097, Y1098, Y1099, Y1100, Y1101, Y1102, Y1103, Y1104, Y1105, Y1106, Y1107, Y1108, Y1109, Y1110, Y1111, Y1112, Y1113, Y1114, Y1115, Y1116, Y1117, Y1118, Y1119, Y1120, Y1121, Y1122, Y1123, Y1124, Y1125, Y1126, Y1127, Y1128, Y1129, Y1130, Y1131, Y1132, Y1133, Y1134, Y1135, Y1136, Y1137.2/Z1543.2, Y1139, Y1142, Y1153, Y1159, Y1160, Y1164, Y1166, Y1167, Y1169, Y1194, Y1195, Y1220, Y1240, Y1978, Y1980, Y1981, Y1982, Y1983, Y1986, Y1988, Y1989, Y1991, Y1993, Y1995, Y1996, Y2003, Y2005, Y2006, Y2007, Y2009, Y2239
• • • Q1b1   L214/S289, M378/Page100, F1213, F1349, F1594, F1734, F1780, F1836, F1839, F2230, F2877, FGC1758/Y2013, FGC1767/Y2079, FGC1768/Y2090, FGC1769/Y2102, FGC1770/Y2012, FGC1775/Y2018, FGC1776/Y2019, FGC1777/Y2020, FGC1779/Y2021, FGC1780/Y2022, FGC1781/Y2024, FGC1782/Y2026, FGC1783/Y2027, FGC1784/Y2028, FGC1785/Y2029, FGC1788/Y2031, FGC1789/Y2032, FGC1790/Y2033, FGC1791/Y2034, FGC1792/Y2035, FGC1794/Y2037, FGC1795/Y2038, FGC1796/Y2039, FGC1797/Y2040, FGC1798/Y2041, FGC1799/Y2042, FGC1801/Y2043, FGC1803/Y2044, FGC1804/Y2045, FGC1805/Y2046, FGC1807/Y2047, FGC1808/Y2049, FGC1809/Y2050, FGC1810/Y2051, FGC1812/Y2052, FGC1813/Y2053, FGC1814/Y2054, FGC1815/Y2055, FGC1817/Y2057, FGC1820/Y2058, FGC1825/Y2059, FGC1827/Y2060, FGC1830/Y2061, FGC1833/Y2062, FGC1834/Y2063, FGC1835/Y2064, FGC1836/Y2065, FGC1837/Y2066, FGC1838/Y2067, FGC1841/Y2068, FGC1842/Y2070, FGC1843/Y2071, FGC1844/Y2072, FGC1845/Y2073, FGC1850/Y2074, FGC1852/Y2075, FGC1854/Y2076, FGC1855/Y2080, FGC1856/Y2081, FGC1858/Y2082, FGC1861/Y2084, FGC1862/Y2085, FGC1863/Y2086, FGC1864/Y2087, FGC1865/Y2088, FGC1866/Y2089, FGC1869/Y2091, FGC1872/Y2092, FGC1873/Y2093, FGC1874/Y2094, FGC1875/Y2095, FGC1877/Y2097, FGC1881/Y2113, FGC1882/Y2114, FGC1887/Y2015, FGC1988/Y2017, FGC4606/Y2361, FGC7656/Y2115, FGC7660/Y2025, L215/Page82/S325, M5365/PF2412/Z17266, Y2048, Y2056, Y2096, Y2101, Y2110, Y2226, Y2227,Y2234, Y2242, Y2384
• • • • Q1b1a   FGC1774/Y2016, FGC1793/Y2036
• • • • • Q1b1a1   L245, FGC1759/Y2119, FGC1771/Y2117, FGC1773/Y2118, FGC1778/Y2120, FGC1800/Y2121, FGC1802/Y2122, FGC1806/Y2123, FGC1811/Y2124, FGC1816/Y2125, FGC1821/Y2126, FGC1823/Y2127, FGC1824/Y2128, FGC1826/Y2129, FGC1828/Y2130, FGC1829/Y2131, FGC1831/Y2217, FGC1832/Y2132, FGC1839/Y2133, FGC1840/Y2134, FGC1846/Y2136, FGC1847/Y2137, FGC1848/Y2138, FGC1849/Y2139, FGC1851/Y2140, FGC1853/Y2141, FGC1857/Y2142, FGC1859/Y2143, FGC1860/Y2204, FGC1868/Y2199, FGC1870/Y2145, FGC1871/Y2146, FGC1878/Y2147, FGC1879/Y2148, FGC1883/Y2195, FGC1893/Y2230, FGC1901/Y2223, FGC1902/Y2222, FGC1987/Y2116, FGC1989/Y2144, FGC7661/Y2135, FGC7662/Y2149, Y2238_1, Y2238_2
• • • • • • Q1b1a1a   FGC1904/Y2220, FGC1895/Y2228, FGC1925/Y2202, Y2229
• • • • • • • Q1b1a1a1   FGC1917/Y2209
• • • • • • • • Q1b1a1a1a   FGC1897/Y2225, FGC1899/Y2224, FGC1906/Y2219, FGC1909/Y2218, FGC1911/Y2215, FGC1912/Y2213, FGC1915/Y2211, FGC1916/Y2210, FGC1918/Y2208, FGC1919/Y2207, FGC1921/Y2206, FGC1928/Y2201, FGC1934/Y2196, Y2214
• • • • • • • • • Q1b1a1a1a1   FGC1929/Y2200, FGC1886/Y2233, FGC1888/Y2232, FGC1890/Y2231, FGC1903/Y2221, FGC1910/Y2216, FGC1914/Y2212, FGC1923/Y2203, FGC4847, FGC7663, Y2352, Y2356, Y2595
• • • • • • • • • • Q1b1a1a1a1a   FGC1933/Y2197, FGC1932/Y2198
• • • • • • • • • • • • Q1b1a1a1a1a1   FGC4846/Y2750, FGC4836/Y2746, FGC4854/Y2751, Y3026, Y3027, Y3028, Y3029, Y3030
• • • • • • • • • • • • Q1b1a1a1a1a2   FGC1924/Y2780, FGC1920/Y2754, FGC1930/Y2781
• • • • • • • • • • • • • Q1b1a1a1a1a2a   FGC1898/YFS30117
• • • • • • • • • • • • Q1b1a1a1a1a3   YP1004, YP1005, YP1006, YP1007
• • • • • • • • • • • • • Q1b1a1a1a1a3a   YP3924, YP3925, YP3926, YP4113, YP4114
• • • • • • • • • • Q1b1a1a1a1b   YP1003
• • • • • • • • • • • • Q1b1a1a1a1b1   YP1071
• • • • • • • • • • • • • Q1b1a1a1a1b1a   YP1010, YP1008, YP1011
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • Q1b1a1a1a1b1a1   YP1009, Y8394
• • • • • • • • • • • • • Q1b1a1a1a1b1b   YP1035, YP1036
• • • • • • • • Q1b1a1a1b   YP740, YP730, YP731, YP732, YP733, YP734, YP735, YP736, YP737, YP738, YP739, YP741, YP742, YP743, YP744
• • • • • • • Q1b1a1a2   YP745, YP746, YP747
• • • • • • • • Q1b1a1a2a   YP1095
• • • • • • • • • Q1b1a1a2a1   YP1096, YP519.3, YP1097, YP4119
• • • • • • • • • • Q1b1a1a2a1a   YP1236, YP1237, YP1238, YP1239, YP1240, YP1241, YP1242, YP1243, YP1244, YP1245, YP1246, YP1247, YP1248, YP1249, YP1250, YP1251, YP1252, YP4117, YP4118
• • • • • • • • Q1b1a1a2b   YP1226 FGC34074/YP1227, Y11198, Y11199, YP1228, YP1229, YP1230, YP1231, YP1232, YP1233, YP1234, YP1255
• • • • Q1b1b   FGC4620/Y2250, FGC4507/M1217, FGC4607/Y2247, FGC4613/Y2246, FGC4618/Y2248, FGC4619/Y2249, FGC4624/Y2251, FGC4626/Y2244, FGC4631/Y2255, FGC4635/Y2256, FGC4646/Y2263, FGC4656/Y2264, FGC4657/Y2265, FGC4659/Y2266, FGC4675/Y2269, FGC4676/Y2270, Y2245.1, Y2252, Y2257, Y2258, Y2259, Y2260, Y2261, Y2262
• • • • • Q1b1b1   FGC4888/Y2990, FGC4866/Y2987, FGC4868/Y2997, FGC4872/Y2986, FGC4884/Y2988, FGC4891/Y2776/Y2991/YFS25608, FGC4893/Y2992, FGC4896/Y2993, FGC4897/Y2994, FGC4904/Y2995, FGC4909/Y2996, FGC7967/Y2989, YP1106
• • • • • Q1b1b2   Y5185, Y5186
• • • • • • Q1b1b2a   L301
• • • Q1b2   Y1150, Y1138, Y1140, Y1141, Y1143, Y1145, Y1146, Y1148, Y1151, Y1152, Y1154, Y1155, Y1156, Y1157, Y1158, Y1161, Y1162, Y1163, Y1168, Y1170, Y1171, Y1172, Y1173, Y1174, Y1176, Y1177, Y1178, Y1179, Y1181, Y1182, Y1183, Y1184, Y1185, Y1186, Y1187, Y1188, Y1189, Y1190, Y1191, Y1192, Y1196, Y1201, Y1202, Y1203, Y1204, Y1205, Y1206, Y1207, Y1208, Y1209, Y1210, Y1211, Y1212, Y1214, Y1215, Y1216, Y1217, Y1218, Y1219, Y1221, Y1222, Y1223, Y1224, Y1227, Y1228, Y1229, Y1230, Y1231, Y1232, Y1233, Y1234, Y1235, Y1236, Y1237, Y1238, Y1239, Y1241, Y1242, Y1243, Y1244, Y1245, Y1246, Y1247, Y1248, Y1250, Y1251, Y1252, Y1253, Y1255, Y1257, Y1258, Y1259, Y1260, Y1261, Y1262, Y1263, Y1264, Y1265, Y1266, Y1267, Y1268, Y1269, YP505, YP748, YP749, YP750, YP751, YP752, YP753
• • • • Q1b2a   Y1144, Y1147
• • • • • Q1b2a1   YP755, YP756, YP757, YP758, YP759, YP3940, YP3942
• • • • • • Q1b2a1a   YP754, YP3941
• • • • • • • Q1b2a1a1   Y15624, Y15680/Z36068, YP3943, YP3944/Z36069, YP3945, YP3946, YP3947, YP3948, YP3949

Private SNPs - After investigation these SNPs have not met the population distribution criteria for placement on the tree: either too few confirmed positive testers have been found OR multiple confirmed testers were confined to a single surname or to a small group of related males.

• P89.1 is downstream from MEH2. Listed 7 August 2012.
• L807 is downstream of L804; Pearson surname. Listed 4 May 2013.
• L272.1 is downstream from L245. Moved to private on 30 March 2014.

SNPs under Investigation - Additional testing is needed to confirm adequate positive samples and/or correct placement on the tree.

• L400, L401 and L456 are located downstream of L53 and parallel to M3. Listed 27 April 2011.
• L327 is located under M378/Page100. Listed 27 April 2011.
• L315 is located under L245. Listed 27 April 2011.
• F1728 is located at approximately MEH2. Listed 1 May 2013.
• F745, F818, F1062, F1111, F1202, F1298, F1303, F1340, F1505, F1522, F1523, F1626, F1762, F1830, F1843, F1861, F1908, F1966, F2054, F2086, F2094, F2743, F2753, F3019, F3022, F3419, F3513, F3625, F4164 and F4295 are located at approximately M120. Listed 5 May 2013.
• L697.2, L714 and L716 are located at approximately M25. Listed 5 May 2013.
• CTS2869/Z800, Z797, Z798, Z802, Z803, Z805, Z806 are located at approximately L53. Listed 5 May 2013.
• CTS4795/Z776, CTS9220/Z773, CTS10359/Z774, L767, L888, L889, L890, L891, Z768, Z769, Z770, Z771, Z772, Z775 are located downstream of M3. Listed 6 May 2013.
• L565, L568, Z777, Z778, Z779, Z781, Z782, Z783, Z786, Z787, Z788, Z789, Z790, Z791, Z792, Z793, CTS10848/Z794 and Z795 are located downstream of L53. Listed 7 May 2013.
• L567 and L619.1 are located downstream of L569. Listed 7 May 2013.
• F1161, F1513, F1872, F2125 and F3567 are located at approximately L940. Listed 7 May 2013.
• L932, L934, L935, L936 and L937 are located at approximately L939. Listed 8 May 2013.
• L717 and L718 are located at approximately M346. Listed 8 May 2013.
• L619.2 is located downstream from L245. Listed 8 May 2013.

NOTES:

• Identical SNPs that were discovered separately are listed in alphabetical order, not necessarily in the order of discovery, and separated by "/". Example: M265/N14.
• Thanks to Rebekah Canada for her assistance on Haplogroup Q.

Y-DNA haplogroup Q arose in Central Asia and migrated through the Altai/Baikal region of northern Eurasia into the Americas. Today it is found in North Eurasia, with some exemplars in European populations. The Q1a3a1 sub-group is almost exclusively associated with Native American populations.

References:

Behar et al, Genome-Wide Structure of the Jewish People. Nature, 446:238-42, 2010.
Bortolini et al, Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas. American Journal of Human Genetics, 73:524-539, 2003.
Cinnioglu et al, Excavating Y-chromosome Haplotype Strata in Anatolia. (pdf) Human Genetics. 114:127-148, 2004.
Deng et al, Evolution and Migration History of the Chinese Population Inferred from the Chinese Y-chromosome Evidence. (pdf) Journal of Human Genetics, 49:339-348, 2004.
Dulik et al, Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosome Variation Provides Evidence for a Recent Common Ancestry between Native Americans and Indigenous Altaians. (pdf) The American Journal of Human Genetics, doi: 10.1016/ajhg.2011.12.014, 2012(a).
Dulik et al, Y-chromosome Analysis Reveals Genetic Divergence and New Founding Native Lineages in Athapaskan- and Eskimoan-speaking Populations. (pdf) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 May 29;109(22):8471-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1118760109. Epub May 14, 2012(b).
Francalacci et al, Low-Pass DNA Sequencing of 1200 Sardinians Reconstructs European Y-Chromosome Phylogeny. Science: Vol. 341 no. 6145, pp. 565-569, DOI: 10.1126/science.1237947, 2 August 2013.
Geppert et al, Hierarchical Y-SNP Assay to Study the Hidden Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationship of Native Populations in South America, Forensic Science International: Genetics, 6 Oct 2010. [Epub ahead of print]
Gurianov et al, Phylogenetic Structure of Q-M378 Subclade Based on Full Y-Chromosome Sequencing, The Russian Journal of Genetic Genealogy, Rom 5, No 1.:84-102. 8 January 2014(a).
Gurianov et al, The Update of the Phylogenetic Structure of Q1b Haplogroup Based on Full Y-chromosome Sequencing, The Russian Journal of Genetic Genealogy, Vol 6, No 1, 2014(b).
Jota et al, A New Subhaplogroup of Native American Y-Chromosomes from the Andes. Abstract. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2011 Dec;146(4):553-9. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.21519. Epub Sep 13, 2011.
Karafet et al, New Binary Polymorphisms Reshape and Increase Resolution of the Human Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup Tree. Abstract. Genome Research, published online April 2, 2008. Supplementary Material.
Malhi et al, Distribution of Y Chromosomes among Native North Americans: A Study of Athapaskan Population History American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 137:412-24, 2008.
Regueiro et al, Iran: Tricontinental Nexus for Y-Chromosome Driven Migration. (abstract) Human Heredity, Vol. 61, No 3, 132-143, 2006.
Sengupta et al, Polarity and Temporality of High Resolution Y-chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 78:202-221, 2006.
Shen et al, Reconstruction of Patrilineages and Matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli Populations from Y-Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation. (pdf) Human Mutation, 24:248-260, 2004.
Su et al, Y-chromosome Evidence for a Northward Migration of Modern Humans into Eastern Asia during the Last Ice Age. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 65:1718-1724, 1999.
Underhill et al, Detection of Numerous Y Chromosome Biallelic Polymorphisms by Denaturing High-performance Liquid Chromatography. (Abstract) Genome Research, 7(10):996-1005, 1997 Oct.

Additional Resources:
ISOGG Wiki - What you need to know about Genetic Genealogy.
Y-chromosome DNA Haplogroup Q, Rebekah Canada.
American Indian Q1a3a: the Q-M3 Haplogroup Project, Ana Oquendo Pabón.
American Indian DNA Project, Glinda Seabaugh.

Corrections/Additions made since 1 January 2015:

• Added FGC7652 on 26 January 2015.
• Added .1 to M323 on 30 January 2015.
• Added SK1914, Y604, F713, M10886, Y1194, M5365/PF2412/Z17266, Y2226, Y2227, FGC1898/YFS30117, YP1004, YP1005, YP1006, YP1007, YP3924, YP3925, YP3926, YP4113, YP4114, YP1003, YP1071, YP1010, YP1008, YP1011, YP1009, Y8394, YP1035, YP1036, YP1095, YP1096, YP519.3, YP1097, YP4119, YP1236, YP1237, YP1238, YP1239, YP1240, YP1241, YP1242, YP1243, YP1244, YP1245, YP1246, YP1247, YP1248, YP1249, YP1250, YP1251, YP1252, YP4117, YP4118, YP1226 FGC34074/YP1227, Y11198, Y11199, YP1228, YP1229, YP1230, YP1231, YP1232, YP1233, YP1234, YP1255, FGC4507/M1217, FGC4607/Y2247,FGC4891/Y2776/Y2991/YFS25608, YP1106, Y1192, YP748, YP749, YP750, YP751, YP752, YP753, Y1144, YP755, YP756, YP757, YP758, YP759, YP3940, YP3942, YP754, YP3941, Y15624, Y15680/Z36068, YP3943, YP3944/Z36069, YP3945, YP3946, YP3947, YP3948, YP3949 on 21 October 2015

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