Y-DNA Haplogroup M and its Subclades
The entire work is identified by the Version Number and date given on the Main Page.   Directions for citing the document are given at the bottom of the Main Page.
Version History     Last revision date for this specific page: 9 October 2006

Because of continuing research, the structure of the Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree changes and ISOGG does its best to keep the tree updated with the latest developments in the field. The viewer may observe other versions of the tree on the Web. Email Alice Fairhurst if the differences need clarification.

LINKS:  Main Page   Y-DNA Tree Trunk   SNP Index   Papers Cited   Glossary   Listing Criteria
CLADE/SUBCLADE SYMBOLS:  Added  Renamed 
SNP SYMBOLS:  Not on 2005 tree  Confirmed within subclade  Provisional  Private

M   M4 (M296), M5, M106, M186, M189, P35
�       M*   -
�       M1   P34
�      �       M1*   -
�      �       M1a   P51
�       M2   P87
�      �       M2*   -
�      �       M2a   M104 (P22)
�      �       �       M2a*   -
�      �       �       M2a1   M16
�      �       �       M2a2   M83

Y-DNA haplogroup M reaches its known peak in Papua New Guinea, totaling one-third to two-thirds of population.

References:

Cox M P & Lahr M M, Y-Chromosome Diversity Is Inversely Associated with Language Affiliation in Paired Austronesian- and Papuan-Speaking Communities from Solomon Islands. (pdf) American Journal of Human Biology, 18:35-50, 2006.
Hudjashov G, Peopling of Sahul: Evidence from mtDNA and Y-Chromosome. Thesis (M.SC.) University of Tartu, Estonia, 2006.

Hurles et al, European Y-Chromosomal Lineages in Polynesians: A Contrast to the Population Structure Revealed by mtDNA. American Journal of Human Genetics, 63:1793-1806, 1998.
Hurles et al, Y Chromosomal Evidence for the Origins of Oceanic-Speaking Peoples. Genetics, 160:289-303, January 2002.
Kayser et al, Independent Histories of Human Y Chromosomes from Melanesia and Australia. American Journal of Human Genetics, 68:173-190, 2001.
Kayser et al, Melanesian and Asian Origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y-Chromosome Gradients across the Pacific. MBE Advance Access published August 21, 2006.
Kayser et al, Melanesian Origin of Polynesian Y Chromosomes. Current Biology, Vol. 10, No. 20, September 2000.
Kayser et al. Reduced Y-Chromosome, but Not Mitochrondrial DNA, Diversity in Human Populations from West New Guinea. American Journal of Human Genetics, 72:281-302, 2003.
Scheinfeldt et al, Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia. (Link and comments from Dienekes' Anthropological Blog) Society for Molecular Biology, 2006.

Corrections/Additions made since 10 April 2006:

Contact Person for Haplogroup M: Phil Goff

Back to Main Page
Back to Y-DNA Tree Trunk
Back to SNP Index
Back to Papers Cited
Back to Glossary
Back to Listing Criteria

Copyright 2006, International Society of Genetic Genealogy. All Rights Reserved.