I   M170, M258, P19, P38, P212, U179   (P38 formerly I1)
�       I*    - (unobserved)
�      ; I1   M253, M307, M450/S109, P30, P40, S62, S63, S64, S65, S66, S107, S108, S110, S111    (formerly I1a)
�      �       I1*   -
�      �       I1a   M21    (formerly I1a2) (probably private)
�      �       I1b   M227   (formerly I1a1)
�      �       �       I1b*   -
�      �       �       I1b1   M72    (formerly I1a1a)
�      �       I1c   P259    (formerly I1d) (probably private, location with respect to L22/S142 is uncertain)
�      �       I1d   L22/S142
�      �       �       I1d*   -
�      �       �       I1d1   P109    (formerly I1c)
�      �       I1e   S79    (probably private, confirmed within I1, but exact location is uncertain)
�       I2   L68, M438/P215/S31,    (formerly I1b)
�      �       I2*   -
�      �       I2a   P37.2
�      �       �       I2a*   -
�      �       �       I2a1   M26
�      �       �      �       I2a1*   -
�      �       �      �       I2a1a   M161
�      �       �       I2a2   M423    (not on Karafet 2008)
�      �       �      �       I2a2*   -
�      �       �      �       I2a2a   P41.2/M359.2
�      �       �      �       I2a2b   rs9786274=T
�      �       I2b    M436/P214/S33, P216/S30, P217/S23, P218/S32   (formerly I1b2)
�      �       �       I2b*   -
�      �       �       I2b1   M223, P219/S24, P220/S119, P221/S120, P222/U250/S118, P223/S117    (formerly I1b2a - old I1c)
�      �       �      �       I2b1*   -
�      �       �      �       I2b1a   M284    (formerly I1b2a1)
�      �       �      �       I2b1b   M379    (formerly I1b2a2)
�      �       �      �       I2b1c   P78    (formerly I1b2a3)
�      �       �      �       I2b1d   P95    (formerly I1b2a4)
�      �       �       I2b2   L38/S154, L39/S155, L40/S156, L65/S159

Notes

• The tree has been revised to basically follow the structure of Karafet et al (2008) and also consults Underhill et al (2007b).
• Identical SNPs that were discovered separately are listed in alphabetical order, not necessarily in the order of discovery, and separated by "/". Examples: M450/S109, M438/P215, P41.2/M359.2, M436/P214/S33, P222/U250, L38/S154, L39/S155, L40/S156, and L65/S159.
• Thanks to Ken Nordtvedt, Natalie Myres, and Jim Wilson for their consultation on Haplogroup I.

Y-DNA haplogroup I is a European haplogroup, representing nearly one-fifth of the population. It is almost non-existent outside of Europe, suggesting that it arose in Europe. Estimates of the age of haplogroup I suggest that it arose prior to the last Glacial Maximum.

The two main subgroups of haplogroup I likely divided approximately 28,000 years ago:

• I1-M253 et al has highest frequency in Scandinavia, Iceland, and northwest Europe. In Britain, haplogroup I1-M253 et al is often used as a marker for "invaders," Viking or Anglo-Saxon. The I1b-M227 subclade is concentrated in eastern Europe and the Balkans and appears to have arisen in the last one thousand to five thousand years. It has been reported in Germany, Czech Republic, Poland, Estonia, Ukraine, Switzerland, Slovenia, Bosnia, Macedonia, Croatia, and Lebanon.


• I2-M438 et al includes I2* which shows some membership from Armenia, Georgia and Turkey; I2a-P37.2, which is the most common form in the Balkans and Sardinia; I2a2-M26 is especially prevalent in Sardinia. I2b-M436 et al reaches its highest frequency along the northwest coast of continental Europe. I2b1-M223 et al occurs in Britain and northwest continental Europe. I2b1a-M284 occurs almost exclusively in Britain, so it apparently originated there and has probably been present for thousands of years.

References:

Additional Resources:
Bob Waterouse, Haplogroup I Y-DNA Project
Charles Moore, Haplogroup I Subclade Cross-Reference (.xls file)
Ken Nordtvedt, Founder Haplotypes (Modal Haplotypes for Y-Haplogroup I Varieties)
I1a Project Team (Rebekah Canada, Phil Goff, Aaron Hill, Ken Nordtvedt, Steve Transgrud, Samuel Theil), Y-DNA Haplogroup I Subclade I1a
Phil Goff, Deep Ancestry of I1a DYS19=16 Cluster
Ron Scott, I1a and I1b: Frequency Distribution of Extended Haplotypes Gathered from YSearch
Tim Weakley, I1b2* Project Database
Lewis Banks, Y-Haplogroup I1b2 Project
Grant & Jeffrey, I1c Y-Clan Study (now I1b2a)

Contact People for Haplogroup I: Phil Goff or Whit Athey

Corrections/Additions made since 31 December 2007:

• Added Karafet et al (2008) and Underhill et al (2007b)on 4 May 2008.
• SNPS added on 4 May 2008: M423, M436, M438, M450, P109, P212, P214, P215, P216, P217, P218, P219, P220, P221, P222, P223, P259, S107, S108, S109, S110, S111, U250.
• M72 is no longer coded private on 5 May 2008.
• Removed Capelli et al (2005), Karlsson et al (2006) and Sengupta et al (2007) as they did not identify new SNPs in Haplogroup I or significantly add to the knowledge of the structure of Haplogroup I on 6 May 2008.
• Revised the relative placement on M21, M227, M423 and M26 and haplogroup description to be more in alignment with Karafet et al (2008) on 11 May 2008.
• Added Charles Moore in Additional References and made M450/S109 as equivalent on 11 May 2008.
• Added S79 into Notes on 26 May 2008.
• Simplified note pertaining to S79 on 11 November 2008.
• Reversed definitions of subclades I2a1, I2a1a and I2a2, I2a2a on 21 December 2008.
• Added rs35547782 and rs9786274 on 21 December 2008.
• Added L22/S142 and S79 to tree on 22 December 2008.
• Changed rs35547782 to L68 on 23 December 2008.
• Added the T designation to rs9786274 on 24 December 2008.
• Added L38/S154, L39/S155, L40/S156, L65/S159 on 25 December 2008.

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