LINKS: Main Page Y-DNA Tree Trunk SNP Index Papers/Presentations Cited Glossary Listing Criteria |
CLADE/SUBCLADE SYMBOLS: Added Redefined |
SNP SYMBOLS: Not on 2008 tree Confirmed within subclade Provisional Private |
E M40/SRY4064/SRY8299, M96, P29,
P150, P152, P154, P155, P156, P162, P168, P169, P170, P171,
P172, P173, P174, P175, P176
�
E* -
�
E1 P147
� �
E1* -
� �
E1a M33, M132
� �
�
E1a* -
� �
�
E1a1 M44
� �
�
E1a2 P110
� �
E1b P177
� �
�
E1b* -
� �
�
E1b1 DYS391p, P2/PN2, P179, P180, P181
� �
� �
E1b1* -
� �
� �
E1b1a DYS271/M2/SY81, M180/P88, P1/PN1, P46,
P182, P189, P211, P293
� �
� �
�
E1b1a* -
� �
� �
�
E1b1a1 M58
� �
� �
�
E1b1a2 M116.2
� �
� �
�
E1b1a3 M149
� �
� �
�
E1b1a4 M154
� �
� �
�
E1b1a5 M155
� �
� �
�
E1b1a6 M10, M66, M156, M195
� �
� �
�
E1b1a7 M191/P86, U186, P253/U247
� �
� �
� �
E1b1a7* -
� �
� �
� �
E1b1a7a P252/U174
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1a7a* -
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1a7a1 P9.2
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1a7a2 P115
� �
� �
� �
�  
E1b1a7a3 P116
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1a7a3* -
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1a7a3a P113
� �
� �
�
E1b1a8 U175
� �
� �
� �
E1b1a8* -
� �
� �
� �
E1b1a8a P277, P278, U209
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1a8a* -
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1a8a1 U290
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1a8a1* -
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1a8a1a U181
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1a8a2 P59
� �
� �
�
E1b1a9 P268, P269
� �
� �
E1b1b M215
� �
� �
�
E1b1b* -
� �
� �
�
E1b1b1 M35, M243
(M243 position relative to M281, V6, P72 and M293 still uncertain)
� �
� �
� �
E1b1b1* -
� �
� �
� �
E1b1b1a L18, M78, V68
(L18 position relative to M521 is still uncertain)
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1b1a* -
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1b1a1 V12
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1b1a1* -
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1b1a1a M224
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1b1a1b V32
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1b1a2 V13, V36
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1b1a2* -
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1b1a2a V27
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1b1a2b P65
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1b1a2c L17
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1b1a3 V22
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1b1a3* -
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1b1a3a M148
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1b1a3b V19
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1b1a4 V65, L66, L67
 (L66 and L67 are either synonymous to or downstream of E-V65)
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1b1a5 M521
� �
� �
� �
E1b1b1b M81
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1b1b* -
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1b1b1 M107
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1b1b2 M183, M310, L19
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1b1b2a
M165
� �
� �
� �
E1b1b1c M123
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1b1c* -
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1b1c1 M34
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1b1c1* -
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1b1c1a M84, L29
� �
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1b1c1a1 M136
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1b1c1b M290
� �
� �
� �
E1b1b1d M281
� �
� �
� �
E1b1b1e V6
� �
� �
� �
E1b1b1f P72
� �
� �
� �
E1b1b1g M293
� �
� �
E1b1c M329
� �
�
E1b2 P75
�
E2 M75, P68
� �
E2* -
� �
E2a M41/P210
� �
E2b M54, M90, M98
� �
�
E2b* -
� �
�
E2b1 M85
� �
� �
E2b1* -
� �
� �
E2b1a M200
� �
� �
�
E2b1a* -
� �
� �
�
E2b1a1 P45
� �
� �
�
E2b1a2 P258
NOTES:
Y-DNA haplogroup E would appear to have arisen in Northeast Africa based on the concentration and variety of E subclades in that area today. But the fact that Haplogroup E is closely linked with Haplogroup D, which is not found in Africa, leaves open the possibility that E first arose in the Near or Middle East and was subsequently carried into Africa by a back migration.E1b1 is by far the lineage of greatest geographical distribution. It has two important sub-lineages, E1b1a and E1b1b. E1b1a is an African lineage that probably expanded from northern African to sub-Saharan and equatorial Africa with the Bantu agricultural expansion. E1b1a is the most common lineage among African Americans. E1b1b1 probably evolved either in Northeast Africa or the Near East and then expanded to the west--both north and south of the Mediterranean Sea. Eb1b1 clusters are seen today in Western Europe, Southeast Europe, the Near East, Northeast Africa and Northwest Africa. The Cruciani articles (references and links below) are indispensable resources for understanding the structure of this complicated haplogroup, but note that the Cruciani haplogroup labels are now superseded because of the recently discovered new SNPS that lie closer to the root of the E branch of the Y-haplogroup Tree.
A caution on clade labels: Because knowledge of this branch of the Y-chromosome tree has advanced so quickly in the last few years, different clade labels can be found in current use for the same SNP-determined branch of the tree. For example, it is still common to see E3b1 and E3b2 used to distinguish between the M78 and M81 branches of the tree though greater resolution is now possible.
References:
Alonso et al,
The Place of the Basques in the European
Y-chromosome Diversity Landscape. (available by subscription) European Journal of
Human Genetics, 13:1293-1302, 2005.
Battaglia et al,
Y-chromosomal Evidence
of the Cultural Diffusion of Agriculture in Southeast Europe European Journal of Human Genetics, 249. 2008.
Behar et al,
Contrasting Patterns of Y Chromosome Variation in Ashkenazi Jewish and Host
Non-Jewish European Populations. (pdf) Hum Genet 114:354-365, 2004.
Bortolini et al,
Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas.
American Journal of Human Genetics, 73:524�539, (2003).
Capelli et al,
Population Structure in the Mediterranean Basin: A Y Chromosome Perspective. (pdf)
Annals of Human Genetics, 2005.
Cadenas et al,
Y-chromosome Diversity Characterizes the Gulf of Oman.
European Journal of Human Genetics, 16:374-386, 2008.
Cinnioglu et al,
Excavating Y-chromosome Haplotype Strata in Anatolia. (pdf) Human Genetics. 114:127-148, 2004.
Cruciani et al,
A Back Migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa is Supported by High-Resolution Analysis of
Human Y-Chromosome Haplotypes. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 70:1197-1214, 2002.
Cruciani et al, Phylogeographic Analysis
of Haplogroup E3b (E-M215) Y Chromosomes Reveals
Multiple Migratory Events Within and Out of Africa. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics,
74:1014-1022, 2004.
Cruciani et al,
Molecular Dissection of the
Y Chromosome Haplogroup E-M78 (E3b1a): A Posteriori Evaluation of a
Microsatellite-Networked-Based Approach Through Six New Biallelic Markers. (pdf)
Human Mutation: Mutation in Brief #916, 2006.
Cruciani et al,
Tracing Past Human Male
Movements in Northern/Eastern Africa and Western Eurasia: New Clues from Y-Chromosomal
Haplogroups E-M78 and J-M12. (pdf) Molecular Biology and Evolution 24(6):1300-1311, 2007.
Cruciani et al, Recurrent Mutation in SNPs
within Y chromosome E3b (E-M215) Haplogroup: A Rebuttal. (abstract) American Journal of Human Biolology. Sep-Oct;20(5):614-6, 2008
.
Deng et al, Evolution
and Migration History of the Chinese Population Inferred from the Chinese Y-chromosome Evidence.
(pdf) Journal of Human Genetics, 49:339-348, 2004.
Flores et al,
Reduced Genetic Structure of the Iberian Peninsula Revealed by Y-chromosome
Analysis: Implications for Population Demography. (pdf)
European Journal of Human Genetics,
12:855-863, 2004.
Henn et al,
Y-chromosomal Evidence of a Pastoralist Migration
through Tanzania to Southern Africa. PNAS, vol. 105 no. 31 10693-10698, 2008.
Karafet et al,
New Binary Polymorphisms Reshape and Increase Resolution of the Human Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup
Tree. Abstract. Genome Research, published online April 2, 2008.
Supplementary Material.
King et al,
Differential Y-chromosome Anatolian Influences on the Greek and Cretan Neolithic. (abstract)
Annals of Human Genetics. 72:205�214. 2008.
Nasidze et al,
MtDNA and Y-chromosome Variation in Kurdish Groups. (abstract) Annals of Human Genetics,
69:401-412, 2005.
Regueiro et al,
Iran: Tricontinental Nexus for Y-Chromosome Driven Migration. (abstract)
Human Heredity, Vol. 61, No 3, 132-143, 2006.
Semino et al,
Ethiopians and Khoisan Share the Deepest Clades of the Human Y-Chromosome Phylogeny. (pdf)
American Journal of Human Genetics, 70:265-268, 2002.
Semino et al,
Origin, Diffusion, and Differentiation of Y-Chromosome Haplogroups E and J: Inferences on the
Neolithization of Europe and Later Migratory Events in the Mediterranean Area. (pdf)
American Journal of Human Genetics, 74:1023-1034, 2004.
Sengupta et al,
Polarity and Temporality of High Resolution Y-chromosome Distributions in India
Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence
of Central Asian Pastoralists. (pdf)
American Journal of Human Genetics, 78:202-221, 2006.
Shen et al, Reconstruction
of Patrilineages and Matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli Populations from Y-Chromosome
and Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation. (pdf) Human Mutation, 24:248-260, 2004.
Sims et al,
Sub-Populations Within the Major European and African Derived Haplogroups R1b3 and
E3a Are Differentiated by Previously Phylogenetically Undefined Y-SNPs.
Human Mutation: Mutation in Brief #940, Online, 2007.
Valone et al,
Y SNP Typing of African-American and Caucasian Samples Using Allele-Specific
Hybridization and Primer Extension. (pdf) Journal of Forensic Science, 49:4, July 2004.
Additional Resources:
Bill Harvey, Denis Savard, Victor Villarreal, FTDNA's E-M35 Project
(formerly the E3b Project)
Victor Villareal, The
E-M35 Phylogeny Project
E-M35 community, Double
Helix Forums
Dennis Garvey,
Discussion on E3a (No longer mantained)
Dennis Garvey,
Discussion on E3b (No longer mantained)
Corrections/Additions made since 1 January 2009:
Contact Person for Haplogroup E: Victor Villarreal
Back to Main Page Back to Y-DNA Tree Trunk Back to SNP Index Back to Papers/Presentations Cited Back to Glossary Back to Listing Criteria Copyright 2009. International Society of Genetic Genealogy. All Rights Reserved. |