B   M60, M181/Page32, M247/P85, P90
�     B*   -
�     B1   M236, M288
�    �     B1*   -
�    �     B1a   M146
�     B2   M182
�    �     B2*   -
�    �     B2a   M150, Page18
�    �     �     B2a*   -
�    �     �     B2a1   M218
�    �     �    �     B2a1*   -
�    �     �    �     B2a1a   M109, M152/Page60, P32, P50
�    �     �     B2a2   M108.1
�    �     �    �     B2a2*   -
�    �     �    �     B2a2a   M43, P111
�    �     B2b   M112, M192, 50f2(P), Page72
�    �     �     B2b*   -
�    �     �     B2b1   P6
�    �     �     B2b2   M115, M169
�    �     �     B2b3   M30, M129
�    �     �    �     B2b3*   -
�    �     �    �     B2b3a   M108.2
�    �     �     B2b4   P7_1, P7_2, P7_3
�    �     �    �     B2b4*   -
�    �     �    �     B2b4a   P8_1, P8_2, P8_3, P70
�    �     �    �     B2b4b   MSY2.1, M211, Page86
�    �     B2c   P112

Y-DNA haplogroup B, like Y-DNA haplogroup A, is seen only in Africa and is scattered widely, but thinly across the continent. B is thought to have arisen approximately 50,000 years ago. These haplogroups have higher frequencies among hunter-gather groups in Ethiopia and Sudan, and are also seen among click language-speaking populations. The patchy, widespread distribution of these haplogroups may mean that they are remnants of ancient lineages that once had a much wider range but have been largely displaced by more recent population events.

Some geographic structuring is seen between the sub-groups B2a (B-M150) and B2b (B-M112). Sub-group B2b is seen among Central African Pygmies and South African Khoisan. Sub-group B2a is seen among Cameroonians, East Africans, and among South African Bantu speakers. B2a1a (B-M109) is the most commonly seen sub-group of B2a. About 2.3% of African-Americans belong to haplogroup B - with 1.5% of them belonging to the sub-group B2a1a.

References:

Cruciani et al, A Back Migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa Is Supported by High-Resolution Analysis of Human Y-Chromosome Haplotypes. American Journal of Human Genetics, 70:1197-1214, 2002.
Karafet et al, New Binary Polymorphisms Reshape and Increase Resolution of the Human Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup Tree. Abstract. Genome Research, published online April 2, 2008. Supplementary Material.
Regueiro et al, Iran: Tricontinental Nexus for Y-Chromosome Driven Migration. (abstract) Human Heredity, Vol. 61, No 3, 132-143, 2006.
Rozen et al, Remarkably Little Variation in Proteins Encoded by the Y Chromosome's Single-Copy Genes, Implying Effective Purifying Selection. American Journal of Human Genetics. 2009 December 11; 85(6): 923-928.
Semino et al, Ethiopians and Khoisan Share the Deepest Clades of the Human Y-Chromosome Phylogeny. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 70:265-268, 2002.
Valone et al, Y SNP Typing of African-American and Caucasian Samples Using Allele-Specific Hybridization and Primer Extension. (pdf) Journal of Forensic Science, 49:4, July 2004.

Additional Resources:
ISOGG Wiki - What you need to know about Genetic Genealogy.
B Haplogroup Project .
The African DNA Project (B), Dr. Ana Oquendo Pabon.

Corrections/Additions made since 1 January 2011:

• Added Page60 on 18 February 2011.
• Added Page18, Page72, Page86 on 11 March 2011.
• Added Haplogroup projects to Additional Resources on 22 March 2011.
• Added Rozen et al (2009) on 24 March 2011.
• Added Page32 on 30 March 2001.
• Added extensions such as _1, _2, _3 to snps with multiple y-positions on 4 August 2011.
• Added M247 on 7 October 2011.

Contact Person for Haplogroup B: Ana Oquendo Pabon

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