Y-DNA Haplogroup O and its Subclades - 2011
The entire work is identified by the Version Number and date given on the Main Page.   Directions for citing the document are given at the bottom of the Main Page.
Version History     Last revision date for this specific page: 26 October 2011

Because of continuing research, the structure of the Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree changes and ISOGG does its best to keep the tree updated with the latest developments in the field. The viewer may observe other versions of the tree on the Web. Email Alice Fairhurst if the differences need clarification or if you find any broken links on this page.

LINKS:  Main Page   Y-DNA Tree Trunk   SNP Index   Papers/Presentations Cited   Glossary   Listing Criteria
CLADE/SUBCLADE SYMBOLS:  Added  Redefined 
SNP SYMBOLS:  Not on 2010 tree  Confirmed within subclade  Provisional  Private  Investigation 

O   M175, P186, P191, P196
�     O*   -
�     O1   MSY2.2
�    �     O1*   -
�    �     O1a   M119, Page20
�    �     �     O1a*   -
�    �     �     O1a1   M307.1/P203.1
�    �     �    �     O1a1*   -
�    �     �    �     O1a1a   M101
�    �     �     O1a2   M50, M103, M110
�     O2   L463, L690, P31, M268
�    �     O2*   -
�    �     O2a   PK4
�    �     �     O2a*   -
�    �     �       O2a1   M95
�    �     �    �     O2a1*   -
�    �     �    �     O2a1a   M88, M111
�    �     �    �     O2a1b   M297
�    �     O2b   IMS-JST022454, L272.2, M176//Page63/SRY465, M302, P49, Page92
�    �     �     O2b*   -
�    �     �     O2b1   M312
�    �     �    �     O2b1*   -
�    �     �    �     O2b1a   47z
�    �     �    �     O2b1b   L682
�     O3   M122, P198
�    �     O3*   -
�    �     O3a   M324, P93/Page79, P197, P199, P200
�    �     �     O3a*   -
�    �     �     O3a1   L127.1, KL1/L465, KL2/L467
�    �     �    �     O3a1*   -
�    �     �    �     O3a1a   M121, DYS257_1/DYS257_2/P27.2_1/P27.2_2
�    �     �    �     O3a1b   M164
�    �     �    �     O3a1c   IMS-JST002611
�    �     �    �     �     O3a1c*   -
�    �     �    �     �     O3a1c1   P103
�    �     �     O3a2   IMS-JST021354/P201
�    �     �    �     O3a2*   -
�    �     �    �     O3a2a   M159/Page96
�    �     �    �     O3a2b   M7
�    �     �    �     �     O3a2b*   -
�    �     �    �     �     O3a2b1   M113, M188, M209
�    �     �    �     �    �     O3a2b1*   -
�    �     �    �     �    �     O3a2b1a   N4
�    �     �    �     �    �     O3a2b1b   N5
�    �     �    �     �     O3a2b2   P386
�    �     �    �     O3a2c   P164 (See Notes **)
�    �     �    �     �     O3a2c*   -
�    �     �    �     �     O3a2c1   M134
�    �     �    �     �    �     O3a2c1*   -
�    �     �    �     �    �     O3a2c1a   M117, M133, Page23
�    �     �    �     �    �     �     O3a2c1a*   -
�    �     �    �     �    �     �     O3a2c1a1   M162_1, M162_2
�    �     �    �     �    �     O3a2c1b   P101
�    �     �     O3a3   M300
�    �     �     O3a4   M333

Private SNPs - After having been investigated, these SNPs have not met the population distribution criteria for placement on the tree. Either too few confirmed positive testers have been found OR multiple confirmed testers were confined to either a single surname or to a small group of related males.

SNPs under Investigation - Additional testing is needed to confirm adequate positive samples and/or correct placement on the tree.

NOTES:

Y-DNA haplogroup O probably originated in East Asia and later migrated into the South Pacific. The lineage expanded into Taiwan (high frequency in the aboriginal Taiwanese), Indonesia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.

O3 is the predominant sub-group in China. The O1 and O2a lineages are found in Southeast Asian populations of Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia and southern China. The O2b sub-group is of high frequency in the Japanese and Korean populations.

References:
Cinnioglu et al, Excavating Y-chromosome Haplotype Strata in Anatolia. (pdf) Human Genetics. 114:127-148, 2004.
Cox M P & Lahr M M, Y-Chromosome Diversity Is Inversely Associated with Language Affiliation in Paired Austronesian- and Papuan-Speaking Communities from Solomon Islands. (pdf) American Journal of Human Biology, 18:35-50, 2006.
Cruciani et al, A Back Migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa Is Supported by High-Resolution Analysis of Human Y-Chromosome Haplotypes. American Journal of Human Genetics, 70:1197-1214, 2002.
Deng et al, Evolution and Migration History of the Chinese Population Inferred from the Chinese Y-chromosome Evidence. (pdf) Journal of Human Genetics, 49:339-348, 2004.
Hammer et al, Dual Origins of the Japanese: Common Ground for Hunter-gatherer and Farmer Y Chromosomes. (abstract) Journal of Human Genetics, 51:47-58, 2006.
Karafet et al, New Binary Polymorphisms Reshape and Increase Resolution of the Human Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup Tree. Abstract. Genome Research, published online April 2, 2008. Supplementary Material.
Karafet et al, Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns, and Microevolutionary Processes. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 69:615-628, 2001.
Kayser et al, Independent Histories of Human Y Chromosomes from Melanesia and Australia. American Journal of Human Genetics, 68:173-190, 2001.
Kayser et al, Melanesian and Asian Origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y-Chromosome Gradients across the Pacific. MBE Advance Access published August 21, 2006.
Kayser et al. Reduced Y-Chromosome, but Not Mitochondrial DNA, Diversity in Human Populations from West New Guinea. American Journal of Human Genetics, 72:281-302, 2003.
Mohyuddin et al, Detection of Novel Y SNPs Provides Further Insights into Y Chromosomal Variation in Pakistan. Journal of Human Genetics, 2006.
Mona et al, Patterns of Y-chromosome Diversity Intersect with the Trans-New Guinea Hypothesis. Mol Biol Evol. 2007 Sep 10; [Epub ahead of print]
Nonaka et al, Y Chromosomal Binary Haplogroups in the Japanese Population and their Relationship to 16 Y-STR Polymorphisms. (abstract) Annals of Human Genetics, 71:480-495, 2007.
Regueiro et al, Iran: Tricontinental Nexus for Y-Chromosome Driven Migration. (abstract) Human Heredity, Vol. 61, No 3, 132-143, 2006.
Rootsi S, Human Y Chromosomal Variations in European Populations. (dissertation) Council of the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Oct 2004.
Rozen et al, Remarkably Little Variation in Proteins Encoded by the Y Chromosome's Single-Copy Genes, Implying Effective Purifying Selection. American Journal of Human Genetics. 2009 December 11; 85(6): 923-928.
Scheinfeldt et al, Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia. (Link and comments from Dienekes' Anthropological Blog) Society for Molecular Biology, 2006.
Sengupta et al, Polarity and Temporality of High Resolution Y-chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 78:202-221, 2006.
Shen et al, Reconstruction of Patrilineages and Matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli Populations from Y-Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation. (pdf) Human Mutation, 24:248-260, 2004.
<Shi et al, Y-Chromosome Evidence of Southern Origin of the East Asian-Specific Haplogroup O3-M122. (abstract) American Journal of Human Genetics. 77:408-419, 2005.
Su et al, Y-chromosome Evidence for a Northward Migration of Modern Humans into Eastern Asia during the Last Ice Age. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 65:1718-1724, 1999.
Tan S, et al, Y-chromosome Polymorphisms Define the Origin of the Mang, an Isolated Population in China. Annals of Human Biology, Sep;34(5):573-581, 2007
Thangaraj et al, Genetic Affinities of the Andaman Islanders, a Vanishing Human Population. (pdf) Current Biology, 13:86-93, 2003.
Xue Y, et al, Male Demography in East Asia: A North-South Contrast in Human Population Expansion Times. (abstract) Genetics, 172:2431-2439, 2006
Shi Yan et al, An Updated Tree of Y-chromosome Haplogroup O and Revised Phylogenetic Positions of Mutations P164 and PK4. European Journal of Human Genetics advance online publication 20 April 2011; doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.64

Additional Resources:
ISOGG Wiki - What you need to know about Genetic Genealogy.
O...O3 Y-DNA Haplogroup Project, Denis Grigoriev.

Corrections/Additions made since 1 January 2011:

Contact Person for Haplogroup O: Gareth Henson

Back to Main Page
Back to Y-DNA Tree Trunk
Back to SNP Index
Back to Papers/Presentations Cited
Back to Glossary
Back to Listing Criteria

Copyright 2011. International Society of Genetic Genealogy. All Rights Reserved.