Y-DNA Haplogroup I and its Subclades - 2012
The entire work is identified by the Version Number and date given on the
Main Page. Directions for citing the document are given at
the bottom of the Main
Page.
Version History Last
revision date for this specific page: 1 December 2012
Because of continuing research, the structure of the Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree changes and ISOGG
does its best to keep the tree updated with the latest developments
in the field. The viewer may observe other versions of the tree on the Web. Email
Alice Fairhurst if the differences need
clarification or if you find any broken links on this page.
I L41, M170, M258, P19_1, P19_2, P19_3, P19_4, P19_5, P38, P212, U179
•
I* - (unobserved)
•
I1 L64, L75, L80, L81, L118, L121/S62, L123, L124/S64, L125/S65,
L157.1, L186, L187, L840,
M253, M307.2/P203.2, M450/S109, P30, P40, S63, S66, S107, S108, S110, S111
• •
I1* -
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I1a DF29/S438
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I1a* -
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I1a1 M227
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I1a1* -
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I1a1a M72
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I1a2 L22/S142
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I1a2* -
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I1a2a P109
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I1a2b L205
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I1a2c L287
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I1a2c* -
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I1a2c1 L258/S335
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I1a2c1* -
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I1a2c1a L296
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I1a2d L300/S241
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I1a2e L813/Z719
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I1a3 S244/Z58
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I1a3* -
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I1a3a S246/Z59
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I1a3a* -
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I1a3a1 S337/Z60, S439/Z61, Z62
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I1a3a1* -
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I1a3a1a Z140, Z141
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I1a3a1a* -
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I1a3a1a1 L338
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I1a3a1b Z73
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I1a3a1c L573
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I1a3a1d L803
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I1a3a2 Z382
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I1a3b S296/Z138, Z139
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I1a4 S243/Z63
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I1a4* -
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I1a4a L1237
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I1b Z131
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I2 L68/S329, M438/P215/S31
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I2* -
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I2a L460/S238
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I2a* -
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I2a1 P37.2
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I2a1* -
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I2a1a L158/S433, L159.1/S169.1, M26
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I2a1a* -
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I2a1a1 L160
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I2a1b L178/S328, M423
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I2a1b* -
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I2a1b1 M359.2/P41.2
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I2a1b2 L161.1/S185
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I2a1b3 L621/S392
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I2a1b3* -
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I2a1b3a L147.2
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I2a1c L233/S183
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•
I2a2 L35/S150,
L37/S153, L181, M436/P214/S33, P216/S30,
P217/S23, P218/S32
• •
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I2a2* -
• •
• •
I2a2a L34/S151,
L36/S152, L59, L368, L622,
M223, P219/S24, P220/S119, P221/S120,
P222/U250/S118, P223/S117, Z77
• •
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I2a2a* -
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I2a2a1 M284
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I2a2a1* -
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I2a2a1a L1195
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I2a2a1a* -
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I2a2a1a1 L126/S165, L137/S166, L369
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I2a2a1a2 L1193
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I2a2a2 L701, L702
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I2a2a2* -
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I2a2a2a P78
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I2a2a2b L699, L703
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I2a2a2b* -
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I2a2a2b1 L704
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I2a2a3 Z161
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I2a2a3* -
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I2a2a3a L801/S390
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I2a2a3a* -
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I2a2a3a1 P95
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I2a2a3a2 Z78
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I2a2a3a2* -
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I2a2a3a2a L1198
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I2a2a3a2a* -
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I2a2a3a2a1 Z190
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I2a2a3a2a1* -
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I2a2a3a2a1a Z79
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I2a2a3b L623, L147.4
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I2a2a4 L1229
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I2a2a4* -
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I2a2a4a Z2054
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I2a2a4a* -
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I2a2a4a1 L812/S391
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I2a2a4b L1230
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I2a2a5 L1228
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I2a2b L38/S154, L39/S155, L40/S156,
L65.1/S159.1, L272.3
• •
I2b L415, L416, L417
• •
I2c L596/S292,
L597/S333
Private SNPs are gradually being removed from the tree and placed in the following category:
Private SNPs - After having been investigated, these SNPs have not met the population distribution
criteria for placement on the tree. Either too few confirmed positive testers have been found OR multiple
confirmed testers were confined to either a single surname or to a small group of related males.
- S79: One confirmed results downstream from P30; considered a private snp, was previously
listed as I1e. Listed 26 Sep 2008.
- L592: Out of 15 men tested, only three, all with the Straub surname, were derived. This
snp is downstream from Z140/Z141. Listed February 15, 2012.
- L211: Downstream from L64 et al. As of 16 April 2012, 219 men have tested from L211, of
which only two of the same surname have been confirmed as L211+
- M21:One confirmed tester in Underhill et al (197), downstream for L64 et al. As of 17 April
2012, 969 men in the FTDNA I1 Project have tested and all are ancestral.
- M507/P259: One confirmed result in Karafet et al (2008) downstream from L64 35 al. As of
17 April 2012, 679 men in the FTDNA I1 Project have tested and all are ancestral.
- M379: Downstream of M223, only one instance of M379+ is known, a Pakistani male in Polarity
and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-ChromosomeDistributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and
Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists by Sengupta et al. The Pakistani sample was derived
for M223. In the FTDNA I2b1/M223 Project, 237 men have tested for M379 and all were ancestral. Listed 28 June 2012.
- M161 is downstream of L160. Listed 5 August 2012.
SNPs under Investigation - Additional testing is needed to confirm adequate positive samples
and/or correct placement on the tree.
- L234; Located at appoximately I-M253. Listed 8 Feb 2011.
- L533; Located at approximately I2a2b-L38. Listed 10 July 2011.
- L242; Located downstream of I-M253, found in an I1-L75 participant.
Listed 21 Sep 2011.
- L410; Located at approximately I-M253. Listed 21 Sep 2011.
- V218.2; Found in a hg I-M223 WTY participant. Listed 4 March 2012.
- S336/Z75 is located at approximately I-L22. Listed 9 July 2012.
- Z718 is downstream of L22 and parallel to L287. Listed 9 July 2012.
- L387.2, L700, L705.1 and L706.1 are at approximately
L622. Listed 15 July 2012.
- L673 is possibily phyloequivalent to M26. Listed 5 August 2012.
- L672/S327 is downstream of M26 and upstream of L160. Listed 5 August 2012.
- L880 is approximately at P37.2. Listed 5 August 2012.
- Z118 is downstream of L160. Listed 5 August 2012.
- S294/Z106 is downstream of Z118. Listed 5 August 2012.
- Z109, Z112 and Z124 are at approximately L160 and are possibily phylogequivalent to
Z106. Listed 5 August 2012.
- Z119 and Z125 are downstream of L160 and possibly
phyloequivalent to Z118. Listed 5 August 2012.
- Z2041 is approximately at Z382. Listed 8 November 2012.
- L1274 and L1275 are approximately at M253. Listed 1 December 2012.
Notes
- Identical SNPs that were discovered separately are listed in alphabetical order, not necessarily in
the order of discovery, and separated by "/". Examples: M307.1/P203.1, M450/S109, M438/P215, P41.2/M359.2, M436/P214/S33,
P222/U250, L126/S165, L137/S166, L38/S154, L39/S155, L40/S156, and L65/S159.
- Thanks to Natalie Myres, and Jim Wilson for their consultation on Haplogroup I.
- Page76: published accounts place this downstream from M170, which appears to be incorrect. A haplogroup J man has tested
Page76- as expected, but three I1 males were Page76- as well. No known I male has been tested for Page76. Therefore Page76 is possibly
in I2, but definitely not at the I node.
- Page123: The precise location of Page123 is uncertain. It is derived in four men with Haplogroup I1 SNPS and ancestral
for one man in Haplogroup J. It has not been tested in Haplogroup I2.
Y-DNA haplogroup I is a European haplogroup, representing nearly one-fifth of the
population. It is almost non-existent outside of Europe, suggesting that it arose in Europe.
Estimates of the age of haplogroup I suggest that it arose prior to the last Glacial Maximum.
The two main subgroups of haplogroup I likely divided approximately 28,000 years ago:
- I1-M253 et al has highest frequency in Scandinavia, Iceland, and northwest Europe.
In Britain, haplogroup I1-M253 et al is often used as a marker for "invaders," Viking
or Anglo-Saxon. The I1b-M227 subclade is concentrated in eastern Europe and the Balkans
and appears to have arisen in the last one thousand to five thousand years. It has been
reported in Germany, Czech Republic, Poland, Estonia, Ukraine, Switzerland, Slovenia,
Bosnia, Macedonia, Croatia, and Lebanon.
- I2-M438 et al includes I2* which shows some membership from Armenia, Georgia and Turkey;
I2a1-P37.2, which is the most common form in the Balkans and Sardinia. I2a1a-M26 is especially prevalent
in Sardinia. I2a2-M436 et al reaches its highest frequency along the northwest coast of continental
Europe. I2a2a-M223 et al occurs in Britain and northwest continental Europe. I2a2a1-M284 occurs almost
exclusively in Britain, so it apparently originated there and has probably been present for
thousands of years.
References:
Athey et al,
Resolving the Placement of Haplogroup I-M223 in the Y-chromosome Phylogenetic Tree. (pdf)
Journal of Genetic Genealogy, 1:54-55, 2005.
Battaglia et al,
Y-chromosomal Evidence
of the Cultural Diffusion of Agriculture in Southeast Europe European Journal of Human Genetics, 249. 2008.
Behar et al,
Genome-Wide Structure of the Jewish People.
Nature, 446:238-42, 2010.
Bosch et al,
Paternal and Maternal Lineages in the Balkans Show a Homogeneous Landscape over Linguistis Barriers
except for the Isolated Aromuns.
Annals of Human Genetics, 70:459-87, (2006).
Cinnioglu et al,
Excavating Y-chromosome Haplotype Strata in Anatolia. (pdf) Human Genetics. 114:127-148, 2004.
El Sibai et al,
Geographical
Structure of the Y-Chromosomal Genetic Landscape of the Levant: A Coastal Inland
Contrast, Annals of Human Genetics, 73:568-81, 2009. (abstract)
Ghiani, et al,
Population data for
Y-chromosome haplotypes defined by AmpFlSTR YFiler PCR amplification kit in
North Sardinia (Italy), Collegium Antropologicum, 33 (2): 643-51, 2009.
Karafet et al,
New Binary Polymorphisms Reshape and Increase Resolution of the Human Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup
Tree. Abstract. Genome Research, published online April 2, 2008.
Supplementary Material.
Rootsi et al,
Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup I Reveals Distinct Domains of Prehistoric Gene
Flow In Europe. American Journal of Human Genetics, 75:128-137, 2004.
Rozen et al,
Remarkably Little Variation in Proteins Encoded by the Y Chromosome's Single-Copy Genes, Implying
Effective Purifying Selection. American Journal of Human Genetics, 85:923-928, 2009.
Scheinfeldt et al,
Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia.
Society for Molecular Biology, 2006.
Sims et al,
Sub-Populations Within the Major European and African Derived Haplogroups R1b3 and
E3a Are Differentiated by Previously Phylogenetically Undefined Y-SNPs.
Human Mutation: Mutation in Brief #940, Online, 2007.
Underhill et al,
New Phylogenetic Relationships for Y-chromosome Haplogroup I: Reappraising its Phylogeography and Prehistory
in Rethinking the Human Evolution, Mellars P, Boyle K, Bar-Yosef O, Stringer C, Eds.
McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, UK, pp. 33-42, 2007b. (not available online)
Underhill et al,
The Phylogeography of Y Chromosome Binary Haplotypes and the Origins of Modern Human
Populations. (pdf) Annals of Human Genetics, 65:43-62, 2001.
Underhill et al,
Y Chromosome Sequence Variation and the History of Human Populations. (pdf) Nature Genetics, 26:
358-361, 2000.
Y Chromosome Consortium (YCC),
A Nomenclature System for the Tree of Human Y-Chromosomal Binary Haplogroups. Genome
Research, 12:339-348, 2002.
Additional Resources:
ISOGG Wiki - What you need to know about Genetic Genealogy.
Haplogroup I Y-DNA Project, Bob Waterous.
Founder Haplotypes (Modal Haplotypes for Y-Haplogroup I
Varieties), Ken Nordtvedt.
Y-DNA Haplogroup I Subclade I1,
Phil Goff, Steve Transgrud, Yme Drost, Ken Nordtvedt.
Iberian I1 Project, Aaron Salles Torres.
I1>Z58+ and I1>Z63+ Project, Aaron Salles Torres,
Julie Frame Falk.
Deep Ancestry of I1a DYS19=16
Cluster, Phil Goff.
I1b* Project Database, Timothy Weakley.
I1d - L22 Project, Yme Drost.
The I1d1 (I-P109) yDNA Haplogroup Project, Rebekah Canada.
I1d2 (L205+) Project, Yme Drost.
I2* Haplogroup Project, Bob May,
Peter Hrechdakian.
Y-Haplogroup I2a Project, Bernie Cullen, Bill Morrow.
I2b1/M223 Y-Clan Study, Aaron Salles Torres.
I2b2 L38+ Project, Timothy Weakley.
Contact People for Haplogroup I:
Phil Goff, Steve Trangsrud, and
Aaron Salles Torres
Corrections/Additions made since 1 January 2012:
- Moved L592 from Investigation to Private SNPs and L621, Z59, Z73, Z139, Z140, Z141 to the tree on 15 February 2012.
- Added V218.2 to Investigation on 4 March 2012.
- Repositions Z73 on tree on 6 March 2012.
- Corrected error on subclade name and indent for Z73 on 13 March 2012.
- Added .1 to L706 on 7 April 2012.
- Added Behar et al (2010), Bosch et al (2006) on 9 April 2012.
- Added Steve Trangsrud as content expert on 27 April 2012.
- Moved DF29, L573, Z131 from Investigation to tree on 27 April 2012.
- Moved L211, M21, M507/P259 from tree to Private SNPs on 27 April 2012.
- Added L803, L813, L840, Z382 on 26 April 2012.
- Added S183, S185, S238, S241, S243, S244, S246, S292, S296, S328, S329, S333, S335, S337, S392, S433,
S438, S439 on 27 April 2012.
- Added S336, Z75, Z718, Z719, moved L296 from Investigation to Tree on 18 June 2012.
- Moved M379 from tree to Private SNPs; added L1229 to Investigation; added Z77, Z161 to tree on 28 June 2012.
- Removed L69/S163 from Notes on 9 July 2012.
- Moved S336/Z75, Z77 and Z718 to SNPs under Investigation on 9 July 2012.
- Moved L701, L623 from Investigation to tree; added L801 to tree; added L147.4 to Investigation on 9 July 2012.
- Moved L699, L703 from Investigation to tree on 15 July 2012.
- Moved M161 from tree to Private and moved L704, L1229 from Investigation to tree on 5 August 2012.
- Added L672, L673, L880, Z106, Z109, Z112, Z118, Z119, Z124, Z125 to Investigation on 5 August 2012.
- Added Z78; removed Charles Moore on 6 August 2012.
- Added Aaron Salles Torres to contacts on 17 August 2012.
- Corrected placement of L639 and moved Z77 from Investigation to tree on 17 August 2012.
- Added S390 on 18 August 2012.
- Added L812/S391, L1198 and the I1>Z58+ and I1>Z63+ Project in Additional Resources on 19 August 2012.
- Added L1237 to Investigation on 24 August 2012.
- Added L1228, Z190 to tree; moved L702, L1237 from Investigation to tree on 13 September 2012.
- Added L1193, Z79 on 7 October 2012.
- Added L1195, L1230, Z2054 to tree; moved L147.4 from Investigation to tree; added Z2041 to Investigation on on 8 November 2012.
- Added L1274, L1275 to Investigation on 1 December 2012.
