ISOGG 2013 Y-DNA Haplogroup I

Y-DNA Haplogroup I and its Subclades - 2013
The entire work is identified by the Version Number and date given on the Main Page. Directions for citing the document are given at the bottom of the Main Page.
Version History Last revision date for this specific page: 7 December 2013
Because of continuing research, the structure of the Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree changes and ISOGG does its best to keep the tree updated with the latest developments in the field. The viewer may observe other versions of the tree on the Web. Email Alice Fairhurst if the differences need clarification or if you find any broken links on this page.

LINKS: Main Page Y-DNA Tree Trunk SNP Index Papers/Presentations Cited Glossary Listing Criteria

CLADE/SUBCLADE SYMBOLS: Added Redefined

SNP SYMBOLS: Not on 2012 tree Confirmed within subclade Provisional Private Investigation

I   L41/PF3787, M170/PF3715, M258, P19_1, P19_2, P19_3, P19_4, P19_5, P38, P212, U179
�    I*    - (unobserved)
�    I1   CTS11022/S66, L64, L75, L80, L81, L118, L121/S62, L123, L124/S64, L125/S65, L157.1, L186, L187, L840,
             M253, M307.2/P203.2, M450/S109, P30, P40, S63, S107, S108, S110, S111
�   �    I1*   -
�   �    I1a   DF29/S438
�   �    �    I1a*   -
�   �    �    I1a1   CTS6364/Z2336
�   �    �   �    I1a1*   -
�   �    �   �    I1a1a   M227
�   �    �   �    �    I1a1a*   -
�   �    �   �    �    I1a1a1   M72
�   �    �   �    I1a1b   L22/S142
�   �    �   �    �    I1a1b*   -
�   �    �   �    �    I1a1b1   P109
�   �    �   �    �    I1a1b2   L205/S239
�   �    �   �    �    I1a1b3   Z74
�   �    �   �    �   �    I1a1b3*   -
�   �    �   �    �   �    I1a1b3a   L287/S240
�   �    �   �    �   �    �    I1a1b3a*   -
�   �    �   �    �   �    �    I1a1b3a1   L258/S335
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    I1a2b3a1*   -
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    I1a1b3a1a   L296
�   �    �   �    �   �    I1a1b3b   L813/Z719
�   �    �   �    �    I1a1b4   L300/S241
�   �    �    I1a2    S244/Z58
�   �    �   �    I1a2*   -
�   �    �   �    I1a2a   S246/Z59
�   �    �   �    �    I1a2a*   -
�   �    �   �    �    I1a2a1   S337/Z60, S439/Z61, Z62
�   �    �   �    �   �    I1a2a1*   -
�   �    �   �    �   �    I1a2a1a   S440/Z140, Z141
�   �    �   �    �   �    �    I1a2a1a*   -
�   �    �   �    �   �    �    I1a2a1a1   S1953/Z2535
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    I1a2a1a*   -
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    I1a2a1a1a   L338
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    I1a2a1a1b   CTS10937/Z2538
�   �    �   �    �   �    �    I1a2a1a2   F2642/S2169
�   �    �   �    �   �    I1a2a1b   S247/Z73
�   �    �   �    �   �    �    I1a2a1b*   -
�   �    �   �    �   �    �    I1a2a1b1   L1302
�   �    �   �    �   �    I1a2a1c   L573
�   �    �   �    �   �    I1a2a1d   L1248
�   �    �   �    �   �    �    I1a2a1d*   -
�   �    �   �    �   �    �    I1a2a1d1   L803
�   �    �   �    �    I1a2a2   Z382
�   �    �   �    I1a2b   S296/Z138, Z139
�   �    �   �    �    I1a2b*   -
�   �    �   �    �    I1a2b1   Z2541
�   �    �    I1a3   S243/Z63
�   �    �   �    I1a3*   -
�   �    �   �    I1a3a   L1237
�   �    I1b   S249/Z131
�    I2   L68/PF3781/S329, M438/P215/PF3853/S31
�   �    I2*   -
�   �    I2a   L460/PF3647/S238
�   �    �    I2a*   -
�   �    �    I2a1   P37.2
�   �    �   �    I2a1*   -
�   �    �   �    I2a1a   L158/PF4073/S433, L159.1/S169.1, M26/PF4056
�   �    �   �    �    I2a1a*   -
�   �    �   �    �    I2a1a1   L160/PF4013/S184
�   �    �   �    I2a1b   L178/S328, M423
�   �    �   �    �    I2a1b*   -
�   �    �   �    �    I2a1b1   M359.2/P41.2
�   �    �   �    �    I2a1b2   L161.1/S185
�   �    �   �    �    I2a1b3   L621/S392
�   �    �   �    �   �    I2a1b3*   -
�   �    �   �    �   �    I2a1b3a   L147.2
�   �    �   �    I2a1c   L233/S183
�   �    �    I2a2   L35/PF3862/S150, L37/PF6900/S153, L181, M436/P214/PF3856/S33,
                           P216/PF3855/S30, P217/PF3854/S23, P218/S32
�   �    �   �    I2a2*   -
�   �    �   �    I2a2a   L34/PF3857/S151, L36/S152, L59, L368, L622, M223, P219/PF3859/S24,
                                 P220/S119, P221/PF3858/S120, P222/PF3861/U250/S118, P223/PF3860/S117,
                                 Z77
�   �    �   �    �    I2a2a*   -
�   �    �   �    �    I2a2a1   CTS616, CTS9183
�   �    �   �    �   �    I2a2a1*   -
�   �    �   �    �   �    I2a2a1a   M284
�   �    �   �    �   �    �    I2a2a1a*   -
�   �    �   �    �   �    �    I2a2a1a1   L1195
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    I2a2a1a1*   -
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    I2a2a1a1a   L126/S165, L137/S166, L369
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    I2a2a1a1b   L1193
�   �    �   �    �   �    I2a2a1b   L1229
�   �    �   �    �   �    �    I2a2a1b*   -
�   �    �   �    �   �    �    I2a2a1b1   Z2054
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    I2a2a1b1*   -
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    I2a2a1b1a   L812/S391
�   �    �   �    �   �    �    I2a2a1b2   L1230
�   �    �   �    �   �    I2a2a1c   CTS10057, CTS10100
�   �    �   �    �   �    �    I2a2a1c1   L701, L702
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    I2a2a1c1*   -
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    I2a2a1c1a   P78
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    I2a2a1c1b   L699, L703
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    �    I2a2a1c1b*   -
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    �    I2a2a1c1b1   L704
�   �    �   �    �   �    �    I2a2a1c2   Z161
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    I2a2a1c2*   -
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    I2a2a1c2a   L801/S390
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    �    I2a2a1c2a*   -
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    �    I2a2a1c2a1   CTS1977
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    I2a2a1c2a1*   -
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    I2a2a1c2a1a   P95
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    I2a2a1c2a1b   CTS1858
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    �    I2a2a1c2a2   CTS6433
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    I2a2a1c2a2*   -
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    I2a2a1c2a2a   Z78
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    �    I2a2a1c2a2a*   -
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    �    I2a2a1c2a2a1   L1198
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    I2a2a1c2a2a1*   -
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    I2a2a1c2a2a1a   Z190
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    �    I2a2a1c2a2a1a*   -
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    �    I2a2a1c2a2a1a1   S434/Z79
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    �    I2a2a1c2a3   L1290, L1317
�   �    �   �    �   �    �   �    I2a2a1c2b   L623, L147.4
�   �    �   �    �    I2a2a2   L1228
�   �    �   �    I2a2b   L38/S154, L39/S155, L40/S156, L65.1/S159.1, L272.3
�   �    �   �    �    I2a2b*   -
�   �    �   �    �    I2a2b1   L533/S295
�   �    I2b   L415, L416, L417
�   �    I2c   L596/PF6907/S292, L597/S333
�   �    �    I2c   -
�   �    �    I2c1   L1251
�   �    �    I2c2   CTS7767

Private SNPs are gradually being removed from the tree and placed in the following category:

Private SNPs - After having been investigated, these SNPs have not met the population distribution criteria for placement on the tree. Either too few confirmed positive testers have been found OR multiple confirmed testers were confined to either a single surname or to a small group of related males.

S79: One confirmed results downstream from P30; considered a private snp, was previously listed as I1e. Listed 26 Sep 2008.
L592: Out of 15 men tested, only three, all with the Straub surname, were derived. This snp is downstream from Z140/Z141. Listed February 15, 2012.
L211: Downstream from L64 et al. As of 16 April 2012, 219 men have tested from L211, of which only two of the same surname have been confirmed as L211+
M21:One confirmed tester in Underhill et al (197), downstream for L64 et al. As of 17 April 2012, 969 men in the FTDNA I1 Project have tested and all are ancestral.
M507/P259: One confirmed result in Karafet et al (2008) downstream from L64 35 al. As of 17 April 2012, 679 men in the FTDNA I1 Project have tested and all are ancestral.
M379: Downstream of M223, only one instance of M379+ is known, a Pakistani male in Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-ChromosomeDistributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists by Sengupta et al. The Pakistani sample was derived for M223. In the FTDNA I2b1/M223 Project, 237 men have tested for M379 and all were ancestral. Listed 28 June 2012.
M161/PF4447 is downstream of L160. Listed 5 August 2012.

SNPs under Investigation - Additional testing is needed to confirm adequate positive samples and/or correct placement on the tree.

L234; Located at appoximately I-M253. Listed 8 Feb 2011.
L242; Located downstream of I-M253, found in an I1-L75 participant. Listed 21 Sep 2011.
L410; Located at approximately I-M253. Listed 21 Sep 2011.
V218.2; Found in a hg I-M223 WTY participant. Listed 4 March 2012.
S336/Z75 is located at approximately I-L22. Listed 9 July 2012.
S297/Z718 is downstream of L22 and parallel to L287. Listed 9 July 2012.
L387.2, L700, L705.1 and L706.1 are at approximately L622. Listed 15 July 2012.
L673 is possibily phyloequivalent to M26. Listed 5 August 2012.
L672/S327 is downstream of M26 and upstream of L160. Listed 5 August 2012.
L880 is approximately at P37.2. Listed 5 August 2012.
Z118 is downstream of L160. Listed 5 August 2012.
S294/Z106 is downstream of Z118. Listed 5 August 2012.
Z109, Z112 and Z124 are at approximately L160 and are possibily phylogequivalent to Z106. Listed 5 August 2012.
Z119 and Z125 are downstream of L160 and possibly phyloequivalent to Z118. Listed 5 August 2012.
Z2041 is approximately at Z382. Listed 8 November 2012.
L1274 and L1275 are approximately at M253. Listed 1 December 2012.
CTS7362/Z2539 is located downstream of Z60, Z61, Z62. Listed 12 May 2013.

Notes

Identical SNPs that were discovered separately are listed in alphabetical order, not necessarily in the order of discovery, and separated by "/". Examples: M307.1/P203.1, M450/S109, M438/P215, P41.2/M359.2, M436/P214/S33, P222/U250, L126/S165, L137/S166, L38/S154, L39/S155, L40/S156, and L65/S159.
Thanks to Natalie Myres, and Jim Wilson for their consultation on Haplogroup I.
Page76: published accounts place this downstream from M170, which appears to be incorrect. A haplogroup J man has tested Page76- as expected, but three I1 males were Page76- as well. No known I male has been tested for Page76. Therefore Page76 is possibly in I2, but definitely not at the I node.
Page123: The precise location of Page123 is uncertain. It is derived in four men with Haplogroup I1 SNPS and ancestral for one man in Haplogroup J. It has not been tested in Haplogroup I2.

Y-DNA haplogroup I is a European haplogroup, representing nearly one-fifth of the population. It is almost non-existent outside of Europe, suggesting that it arose in Europe. Estimates of the age of haplogroup I suggest that it arose prior to the last Glacial Maximum.

The two main subgroups of haplogroup I likely divided approximately 28,000 years ago:

I1-M253 et al has highest frequency in Scandinavia, Iceland, and northwest Europe. In Britain, haplogroup I1-M253 et al is often used as a marker for "invaders," Viking or Anglo-Saxon. The I1b-M227 subclade is concentrated in eastern Europe and the Balkans and appears to have arisen in the last one thousand to five thousand years. It has been reported in Germany, Czech Republic, Poland, Estonia, Ukraine, Switzerland, Slovenia, Bosnia, Macedonia, Croatia, and Lebanon.

I2-M438 et al includes I2* which shows some membership from Armenia, Georgia and Turkey; I2a1-P37.2, which is the most common form in the Balkans and Sardinia. I2a1a-M26 is especially prevalent in Sardinia. I2a2-M436 et al reaches its highest frequency along the northwest coast of continental Europe. I2a2a-M223 et al occurs in Britain and northwest continental Europe. I2a2a1-M284 occurs almost exclusively in Britain, so it apparently originated there and has probably been present for thousands of years.

References:

Athey et al, Resolving the Placement of Haplogroup I-M223 in the Y-chromosome Phylogenetic Tree. (pdf) Journal of Genetic Genealogy, 1:54-55, 2005.
Battaglia et al, Y-chromosomal Evidence of the Cultural Diffusion of Agriculture in Southeast Europe European Journal of Human Genetics, 249. 2008.
Behar et al, Genome-Wide Structure of the Jewish People. Nature, 446:238-42, 2010.
Bosch et al, Paternal and Maternal Lineages in the Balkans Show a Homogeneous Landscape over Linguistis Barriers except for the Isolated Aromuns. Annals of Human Genetics, 70:459-87, (2006).
Cinnioglu et al, Excavating Y-chromosome Haplotype Strata in Anatolia. (pdf) Human Genetics. 114:127-148, 2004.
El Sibai et al, Geographical Structure of the Y-Chromosomal Genetic Landscape of the Levant: A Coastal Inland Contrast, Annals of Human Genetics, 73:568-81, 2009. (abstract)
Francalacci et al, Low-Pass DNA Sequencing of 1200 Sardinians Reconstructs European Y-Chromosome Phylogeny. Science: Vol. 341 no. 6145, pp. 565-569, DOI: 10.1126/science.1237947, 2 August 2013.
Ghiani, et al, Population data for Y-chromosome haplotypes defined by AmpFlSTR YFiler PCR amplification kit in North Sardinia (Italy), Collegium Antropologicum, 33 (2): 643-51, 2009.
Karafet et al, New Binary Polymorphisms Reshape and Increase Resolution of the Human Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup Tree. Abstract. Genome Research, published online April 2, 2008. Supplementary Material.
Rootsi et al, Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup I Reveals Distinct Domains of Prehistoric Gene Flow In Europe. American Journal of Human Genetics, 75:128-137, 2004.
Rozen et al, Remarkably Little Variation in Proteins Encoded by the Y Chromosome's Single-Copy Genes, Implying Effective Purifying Selection. American Journal of Human Genetics, 85:923-928, 2009.
Scheinfeldt et al, Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia. Society for Molecular Biology, 2006.
Sims et al, Sub-Populations Within the Major European and African Derived Haplogroups R1b3 and E3a Are Differentiated by Previously Phylogenetically Undefined Y-SNPs. Human Mutation: Mutation in Brief #940, Online, 2007.
Underhill et al, New Phylogenetic Relationships for Y-chromosome Haplogroup I: Reappraising its Phylogeography and Prehistory in Rethinking the Human Evolution, Mellars P, Boyle K, Bar-Yosef O, Stringer C, Eds. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, UK, pp. 33-42, 2007b. (not available online)
Underhill et al, The Phylogeography of Y Chromosome Binary Haplotypes and the Origins of Modern Human Populations. (pdf) Annals of Human Genetics, 65:43-62, 2001.
Underhill et al, Y Chromosome Sequence Variation and the History of Human Populations. (pdf) Nature Genetics, 26: 358-361, 2000.
Y Chromosome Consortium (YCC), A Nomenclature System for the Tree of Human Y-Chromosomal Binary Haplogroups. Genome Research, 12:339-348, 2002.

Additional Resources:
ISOGG Wiki - What you need to know about Genetic Genealogy.
Haplogroup I Y-DNA Project, Bob Waterous.
Founder Haplotypes (Modal Haplotypes for Y-Haplogroup I Varieties), Ken Nordtvedt.
Y-DNA Haplogroup I Subclade I1, Phil Goff, Steve Transgrud, Yme Drost, Ken Nordtvedt, William Hartley and Paul Stone.
I1 Eastern Europe, Aleksandr Shtrunov.
Iberian I1 Project, Aaron Salles Torres.
I1>Z58+ and I1>Z63+ Project, Aaron Salles Torres, Julie Frame Falk.
I1-Z140 YDNA Project, William Hartley, Wim Penninx and Aleksandr Shtrunov.
Deep Ancestry of I1a DYS19=16 Cluster, Phil Goff.
I1b* Project Database, Timothy Weakley.
I1d - L22 Project, Yme Drost.
The I1d1 (I-P109) yDNA Haplogroup Project, Rebekah Canada.
I1d2 (L205+) Project, Yme Drost.
I2* Haplogroup Project, Bob May, Peter Hrechdakian.
Y-Haplogroup I2a Project, Bernie Cullen, Bill Morrow.
I2b1/M223 Y-Clan Study, Aaron Salles Torres.
I2b2 L38+ Project, Timothy Weakley.

Contact People for Haplogroup I: Phil Goff, Steve Trangsrud, and Aaron Salles Torres

Corrections/Additions made since 1 January 2013:

Added PF3647, PF3715, PF3781, PF3787, PF3853, PF3854, PF3855, PF3856, PF3857, PF3858, PF3859, PF3860, PF3861, PF3862, PF4013. PF4073, PF4056, PF6900, PF6907 to tree; added PF4447 to Private on 4 January 2013.
Added L1248 on 11 January 2013.
Added CTS616, CTS1977, CTS6433, CTS9183 to Investigation on 10 February 2013.
Moved CTS616, CTS9183 from Investigation to tree on 4 April 2013.
Added S434 to tree on 6 April 2013.
Moved CTS1977, CTS6433 from Investigation to tree on 7 April 2013.
Moved L533 from Investigation to tree on 12 April 2013.
Added CTS6364/Z2336 to tree on 8 May 2013.
Added F2642 to Investigation on 9 May 2013.
Added Z2541 to tree; added CTS7362/Z2539 to Investigation on 12 May 2013.
Added I1-Z140 YDNA Project to Additional Resources on 15 May 2013.
Added I1 Eastern Europe project to Additional Resources on 23 May 2013.
Moved F2642 from Investigation to tree; added Z2535 to tree on 25 June 2013.
Added CTS10937/Z2538 to tree on 10 August 2013.
Added CTS1858, CTS10057, CTS10100, L1290, L1317 to tree on 11 August 2013.
Added Francalacci et al (2013) on 19 August 2013.
Added CTS7767, L1251 on 6 September 2013.
Added CTS11042, L1302, S440, Z74 on 4 December 2013.
Added S184, S239, S240, S247, S249, S295, S1953, S2169 to tree; added S297 to Investigation on 7 December 2013.

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