The entire work is identified by the Version Number and date given on the
Main Page. Directions for citing the document are given at
the bottom of the Main
Page.
Version History Last
revision date for this specific page: 25 October 2014
Because of continuing research, the structure of the Y-DNA Haplogroup
Tree changes and ISOGG does its best to keep the tree updated with the latest developments
in the field. The viewer may observe other versions of the tree on the Web. Email
Alice Fairhurst if the differences need
clarification or if you find any broken links on this page.
The haplogroup (clade) name is given first, followed by a list of one of more SNPs*. Some list items
have more than one name, in which case the SNPs are listed together with / between the names.
To find an individual's haplogroup, go to the most downstream positive (derived) SNP. To see
the subclades and their SNPs, click on the haplogroup name.
* SNP has become the common phrase for those markers listed after clades/subclades; see UEP and
SNP in the glossary.
LINKS: Main Page Y-DNA Tree Trunk SNP Index Papers/Presentations Cited Glossary Listing Criteria |
CLADE/SUBCLADE SYMBOLS: Added Redefined |
SNP SYMBOLS: Not on 2013 tree Confirmed within subclade Provisional Private Investigation |
The criteria for a representative SNP printed in bold for a subclade is: traditional usage, testing one in multiple labs, and/or being found in the area of the chromosome used in recent research studies.
SNPs listed below in italics (colored black or red) are quality variants from next-generation sequencing reports consistently showing as representing that subgroup.
Contact people for Main Tree: Alice Fairhurst or Ray Banks
Root (Y-Adam)
•
A00 AF4,
AF5, AF6/L1284, AF7, AF8, AF9, AF10, AF13, L1086, L1087, L1088, L1091,
L1092, L1094, L1096, L1097, L1102, L1103, L1104, L1106, L1107, L1108, L1109,
L1110, L1111, L1113, L1114, L1115, L1117, L1119, L1122, L1126, L1131, L1133,
L1134, L1138, L1139, L1140, L1141, L1144, L1146, L1147, L1148, L1151, L1152,
L1154, L1156, L1157, L1158, L1159, L1160, L1161, L1163, L1233, L1234, L1236
•
A0-T AF3, L1085, L1089, L1090, L1093,
L1095, L1098, L1099, L1101, L1105, L1116,
L1118, L1120, L1121, L1123, L1124, L1125, L1127, L1128, L1129, L1130, L1132,
L1135, L1136, L1137, L1142, L1143, L1145, L1150, L1155, L1235
• •
A0 L529.2, L896, L982, L984, L990,
CTS2809/L991, L993, L995, L997, L998, L999, L1000, L1001,
L1006, L1008, L1010, L1012, L1016, L1018, L1055, V148, V149, V154, V164, V165,
V166, V167, V172, V173, V176, V177, V190, V196, V223, V225, V229, V233, V239
• •
A1 L985,
L986, L989, L1002, L1003, L1004, L1005, L1009, L1013, L1053, L1084, L1112,
L1153, P305, V161.2, V168, V171, V174, V238, V241, V250
• • •
A1* -
• • •
A1a M31, P82,
V4, V14, V15, V25, V26, V28, V30, V40, V48, V57, V58, V63, V191, V201, V204, V215
• • •
A1b P108, V221
• • • •
A1b* -
• • • •
A1b1 L419/PF712
• • • •
BT M91, CTS5903/M9174/PF795/S1572,
CTS7503/M9219,
L413/PF1409/V31, L418, L438,
L440, L604/PF1243, L962, L969, L1060/PF1021, L1061/PF1101, L1062/PF302, L1071/M8945,
L1220/M9212, M42, M94/PF1081, M139, M251/M9122/PF699,
M299, M8947, M8949, M8951, M8952, M8953/PF1405/V216, M8954, M8955/PF12, M8956, M8957,
M8958/PF196, M8959, M8961/PF201, M8967, M8968/PF207, M8969/PF1407/V21, M8970/PF208, M8971, M8972, M8973, M8976/PF215, M8977,
M8979/PF226, M8980/PF229, M8983/PF230, M8985/PF232, M8986, M8988, M8993, M8994, M8995, M8997/PF260, M8999,
M9000, M9001, M9003, M9004/PF270, M9005, M9006, M9008, M9009, M9010, M9011, M9015, M9016, M9017/PF282,
M9019/PF286, M9020/PF287, M9021/PF288, M9025, M9026, M9027, M9028/PF298, M9030, M9031, M9032/PF304, M9034,
M9036/PF308, M9037, M9038/PF313, M9039, M9041/PF319, M9042, M9043, M9045, M9046/PF324, M9054, M9056, M9057,
M9064/PF350, M9065/PF351, M9066, M9069/PF635, M9070, M9075, M9076, M9077, M9079, M9080, M9081, M9083, M9086/PF648,
M9087, M9089/PF653, M9094/PF671, M9095, M9097/PF672, M9098, M9099/PF674, M9100, M9102, M9103/PF679, M9105, M9109,
M9110/PF684, M9111, M9112, M9113, M9114, M9115, M9116/PF688, M9117, M9118/Page81, M9121, M9123, M9124/PF701,
M9125, M9126/PF703, M9127, M9128, M9129/PF707, M9130/PF708, M9131, M9133/PF715, M9135, M9136/PF724, M9138,
M9139, M9140, M9141, M9142/PF731, M9143/PF732, M9145/PF733, M9146, M9148/PF744, M9151, M9152, M9155/PF762,
M9156/PF764, M9157/PF766, M9159/PF767, M9160/Page24, M9162, M9163/PF777, M9165, M9166/PF785, M9169, M9172,
M9173/PF794, M9176, M9177, M9178, M9179, M9180, M9182, M9187, M9188, M9189, M9192, M9193, M9194,
M9195, M9196, M9197, M9198, M9199/PF834, M9200/PF835, M9202, M9203/PF837, M9204, M9209, M9210, M9213, M9214,
M9215/PF847, M9216, M9217/PF857, M9218/PF860, M9220, M9221, M9223/PF865, M9225/PF868, M9226/PF869, M9227,
M9228, M9230/PF870, M9231/PF876, M9234, M9235/PF886, M9237/PF890, M9238, M9239, M9240/PF896, M9242/PF899, M9244,
M9245, M9246, M9248, M9249, M9251/PF913, M9252, M9253/PF914, M9254, M9255/PF925, M9257, M9258, M9260, M9261/PF931,
M9262/PF932, M9263, M9265, M9266/PF946, M9267/PF948, M9269, M9271, M9277, M9278/PF969, M9280, M9282, M9283/PF973,
M9284, M9285, M9286, M9287, M9288/PF985, M9289/PF988, M9290/PF989, M9291, M9292, M9293/PF997, M9295/PF1000,
M9296, M9298, M9300, M9301/PF1015, M9302, M9303, M9306, M9310, M9311/PF1030, M9312, M9314, M9315/PF1033,
M9316/PF1034, M9317, M9318, M9319, M9321/PF1045, M9322/PF1049, M9323/PF1050, M9325, M9326, M9327, M9328/PF1053,
M9331/PF1057, M9334, M9335/PF1060, M9336/Page26, M9338/PF1064, M9340, M9341/PF1072, M9343, M9344, M9346, M9347,
M9348/PF1093, M9349, M9352/PF1100, M9353, M9356, M9357/PF1209, M9359, M9360, M9361, M9362, M9365/PF1218, M9366,
M9367, M9368, M9369, M9370, M9372, M9373, M9374/Z4690, M9376, M9377/PF1421, M9378, M9379/PF1253, M9380/PF1256,
M9382/PF1257, M9387, M9389, M9390/PF1262, M9393, M9394/PF1271, M9396, M9397, M9398/PF1279, M9399/PF1283, M9405,
M9406, M9408/PF1296, M9410, M9411/PF1315, M9412, M9417, M9420, M9421, M9425, M11752, M11753/PF243, M11754,
M11755/PF280, M11756/PF301, M11757/PF327, M11759, M11760, M11762, M11767, M11773/PF809, M11779/PF1027,
M11780/PF1044, M11781, M11787/PF1311, M11789/PF1332, P97, Page65.1/SRY1532.1/SRY10831.1,
PF16, PF20, PF28, PF51, PF69, PF72, PF73, PF79, PF122, PF127, PF133, PF135, PF149,
PF161, PF162, PF167, PF175, PF177, PF236, PF338, PF420, PF462, PF468, PF509, PF585, PF591, PF592, PF601,
PF620, PF622, PF626, PF627, PF632, PF713, PF918, PF1026, PF1042, PF1096, PF1143, PF1178, PF1184, PF1196,
PF1201, PF1247, PF1248, PF1249, PF1252, PF1274, PF1318, PF1325,
V29/PF1408, V59/PF1411, V64/PF1412, V102/PF1406, V187/PF1403, V202/PF1404, V235/PF1410,
Z11924, Z11926, Z11927, Z11929, Z11930, Z11931, Z11932, Z11933, Z11937, Z11938, Z11939,
Z11940, Z11941, Z11943, Z11945, Z11948, Z11970, Z11971, Z11978, Z11979, Z11980, Z11981, Z11983, Z11984, Z11985,
Z11986, Z11987, Z11988, Z11989, Z11990, Z11991, Z11993, Z11997, Z11999, Z12001, Z12002, Z12003, Z12004, Z12005,
Z12006, Z12007, Z12008, Z12031, Z12047, Z12070, Z12071, Z12077, Z12094, Z12095, Z12096, Z12110, Z12111, Z12128,
Z12129, Z12138, Z12139, Z17332, Z17333, Z17334, Z17335, Z17336, Z17337, Z17338, Z17339, Z17340, Z17341, Z17342,
Z17343, Z17344, Z17345, Z17346, Z17347, Z17348, Z17349, Z17350, Z17351, Z17352, Z17353, Z17354, Z17355, Z17356,
Z17357, Z17358, Z17359, Z17360, Z17361, Z17362, Z17363, Z17364, Z17365, Z17366, Z17367, Z17368, Z17369, Z17370,
Z17371, Z17372, Z17373, Z17374, Z17375, Z17376, Z17377, Z17378, Z17379, Z17380, Z17381, Z17382, Z17383, Z17384,
Z17385, Z17386, Z17387, Z17388, Z17389, Z17390
• • • • •
B M60,
M181/Page32, M247/P85, P90
• • • • •
CT M168/PF1416, CTS109/M8948,
CTS125/M5576, CTS423/M5583, CTS543/M5584/PF206, CTS1181/M5595, CTS1217/M5597, CTS1254/M5598, CTS1996/M5651,
CTS2077/M5653/PF657, CTS2711, CTS2842/M5661, CTS3120/M5664/PF683, CTS3431/M5669, CTS3460/M5670, CTS3662/M5671/PF704,
CTS4364/M5679, CTS4368/L1028/M5680, CTS4650/M5683, CTS5019/M5687, CTS5318/M5690, CTS5532/M5694, CTS5746/M5697,
CTS6252/M5700, CTS6327/M5705/PF811, CTS6383/M5707, CTS6800/M5713, CTS6890/M5714, CTS6907/M5715/PF833, CTS7257/M5718,
CTS7295/PF848, CTS7482/M5720, CTS7517/M5722, CTS7741/M5725/PF867, CTS7922/M5727/PF875, CTS7933/M5728, CTS7936/M5729,
CTS8089/M5732, CTS8166/M5735, CTS8243/M5736/PF891, CTS8542/M5743, CTS8608/M5745, CTS8980/M5748/PF928, CTS9014/M5750,
CTS9458/M5753/PF947, CTS9555/M5757, CTS9556/M5758, CTS9722/M5762, CTS9760/M5763/PF961, CTS9828/M5764/PF964, CTS9948,
CTS10110/M5767, CTS10362/M5770/PF998, CTS10512/M5772, CTS10946/M5804, CTS11358/M5808, CTS11827/M5816, CTS11991/M5818,
CTS12325, CTS12633/M5830/PF1329, L957, L970/PF1065, L971, L977, L1462/M5587, L1480/M5766, L1492/Y1569,
M294, M5577/PF1413/V189, M5578, M5585/PF1414/V9, M5588/PF210, M5589/PF212, M5590/PF216,
M5591/PF223, M5593, M5599/PF234, M5600, M5601, M5602/PF246, M5603/PF1415/V226, M5605, M5606/PF256, M5607, M5608/PF258,
M5609, M5610, M5611/PF263, M5612, M5613, M5615/PF269, M5616/PF272, M5617/PF274, M5619/PF278, M5621, M5622, M5624,
M5625, M5627, M5629, M5630, M5631/PF292, M5632, M5633, M5636, M5639, M5640/PF318, M5642, M5643/PF325, M5645, M5646,
M5647, M5648, M5649, M5650, M5652/PF652, M5655, M5656, M5657, M5662, M5675/PF719, M5681, M5682, M5684, M5686, M5688,
M5689, M5691/PF779, M5692, M5695/PF1417/V41, M5698/PF796, M5706/PF815, M5708, M5709, M5711/PF821, M5712, M5716/PF840,
M5717/PF844, M5721/PF1418/V52, M5723/PF862, M5724/PF866, M5726, M5730, M5734/PF1419/V54, M5737/PF892, M5738,
M5739/PF898, M5741, M5742/PF904, M5747, M5749, M5751/PF937, M5754, M5756/PF951, M5759, M5760/PF954, M5765,
M5769/PF996, M5771, M5775, M5776/PF1029, M5777, M5778/PF1031, M5780, M5781/PF1040, M5782/PF1046, M5783, M5785,
M5786/PF1061, M5788/PF1067, M5790, M5791/PF1080, M5794/PF1092, M5796/PF1097, M5798, M5800/PF1203, M5801, M5802,
M5803, M5805/PF1227, M5809/PF1237, M5811/PF1238, M5812, M5813, M5814, M5819, M5821/PF1269, M5822, M5823/PF1272,
M5825, M5826, M5831, M5832/PF1333, M9150/PF750, P9.1, PF15, PF38, PF74, PF86, PF110,
PF134, PF137, PF143, PF154, PF165, PF192, PF228, PF328, PF342, PF500, PF629, PF636, PF970, PF1016, PF1109, PF1183,
PF1205, PF1239, PF1316, PF1337, PF6718, PF6720, Y1440, Y1441, Y1443, Y1444, Y1448, Y1450, Y1452, Y1454, Y1455,
Y1458, Y1460, Y1461, Y1462, Y1465, Y1469, Y1470, Y1471, Y1472, Y1473, Y1474, Y1476, Y1480, Y1483, Y1489, Y1490,
Y1491, Y1493, Y1494, Y1495, Y1496, Y1497, Y1498, Y1514, Y1521, Y1522, Y1523, Y1524, Y1525, Y1526, Y1527, Y1528,
Y1531, Y1537, Y1538, Y1567, Y1568, Y1571, Y1573, Y1574, Y1578, Y1580, Y1599, Y1791, Z17701, Z17702, Z17703,
Z17704, Z17705, Z17706, Z17707, Z17708, Z17709, Z17710, Z17711, Z17712, Z17713, Z17714, Z17715, Z17716, Z17717,
Z17718, Z17719, Z17720, Z17721, Z17722
• • • • •
•
DE M145/P205/PF1444,
CTS101/M5376/PF1447, CTS1047/M5392/PF1518, CTS1300/M5400/PF1423, CTS3334/M5459/PF1432,
CTS3893/PF1662, CTS4285/M5464/PF1433, CTS9461/M5511/PF1770, CTS10234/M5518, CTS10714/M5551/PF1876,
CTS11430/M5558/PF1891, CTS12980/PF1936, F986/M5402, F1498/M5430/PF1428, F1504/PF1429, F1649,
F1977/IMS-JST008425/M5465/PF1434, F3170/M5528/PF1797, F3617/M5568, FGC2047,
FGC2068, FGC2078/Y1643, FGC2080, FGC8037, L337/M5387/PF1509,
M1/YAP, M145/P205/PF1444, M203/Page36/PF1435, M5408/PF1425,
M5427/PF1427, M5526/PF1442, M5535/PF1810, M5542/PF1443,
P144/PF1436, P153, P165/PF1439, P167/PF1430, P183/PF1424,
PF1422, PF1431, PF1455, PF1469, PF1588, PF1833, Y2550, Z3672, Z17404
• • • • •
• •
D M174/Page30,
CTS94, CTS1014.2,
CTS1171, CTS1582, CTS7660, CTS8880/Z1613, F975, F1034, F1066, F1137/Z1591, F1278, F1306, F1344,
F1379, F1439, F1447, F1533, F1612, F1620, F1690, F1927, F2062, F2147/Z1608, F2161/Z1610, F2318, F2325, F2455,
F2510, F2662/Z1612, F2765, F2923, F2956, F3289, F3321, F3328/Z1620, F3370, F3519, F3572, F3666, F3707, F3835,
F3845/Z1588, F3920, F4030,
IMS-JST021355
• • • • •
• •
E M96/PF1823,
CTS433/M5384/PF1504,
CTS527/M5385/PF1505, CTS860/M5388/PF1511, CTS939/M5389, CTS1008/M5391/PF1516, CTS1074/M5393/PF1519, CTS1105/M5397,
CTS1262/M5399/PF1522, CTS2401/M5448/PF1633, CTS2496/M5449/PF1636, CTS2893/M5453, CTS3199/M5455/PF1649, CTS3337/PF1653,
CTS3749/M5461/PF1660, CTS3774/M5462/PF1661, CTS4373/M5466/PF1669, CTS4685/M5467/PF1671, CTS4994/M5468,
CTS5316/M5470/PF1683, CTS6048/M5475/PF1697, CTS6513/M5483/PF1710, CTS6755/M5485/PF1713, CTS6818/M5487,
CTS7138/M5492/PF1723, CTS7824/M5495/PF1732, CTS8053/M5497/PF1738, CTS8189/M5500, CTS8269/M5501/PF1743,
CTS8631/L794/M5505/PF1751, CTS8754/M5506/PF1752, CTS9440/M5510/PF1769, CTS9663/M5514/PF1774, CTS9799/M5516/PF1777,
CTS10296/M5519/PF1780, CTS10330/M5520/PF1781, CTS10344/M5521/PF1783, CTS10894/M5552, CTS11216/M5556/PF1882,
CTS11504/M5559/PF1892, CTS11599/PF1893, CTS11622/PF1894, CTS11644/PF1895, CTS11681/PF1896, CTS11811/M5560/PF1899,
CTS11916/M5562/PF1901, CTS12798/M5574/PF1933, FGC2079, FGC6230, L339, L504/PF1803, L507/PF1874,
L511/PF1888, L537/PF1507, L614/PF1898/YSC0000032,
L856/PF1553, M40/PF1445/SRY4064/SRY8299,
M5382/PF1502, M5396, M5403/PF1530, M5406/PF1539, M5410/PF1545, M5416/PF1552,
M5417/PF1554, M5418/PF1555, M5422/PF1561, M5424/PF1563, M5425/PF2323, M5426/PF1564, M5428, M5431/PF1576,
M5434/PF1581, M5436/PF1583, M5438, M5439/PF1590, M5440/PF1591, M5452/PF1642, M5525/PF1795, M5527/PF1796,
M5529/PF1798, M5531, M5533, M5539, M5540/PF1816, M5543/PF1819, M5545/PF1822, M5548/PF1834,
M5549/PF1837, M5550/PF1873, M5564/PF1904, M5566/PF1906, M5567/PF1918, M5569/PF1919, M5571, M5572/PF1923,
M9051, M9052,
P29/PF1643, P150/PF1704, P152/PF1646, P154/PF1788,
P155/PF1687, P156/PF1725, P162/PF1496, P168, P169/Page54/PF1878, P170/PF1656,
P171/PF1903, P172/PF1510, P173, P174/PF1674, P175, P176/PF1678,
PF1459, PF1472, PF1473, PF1476, PF1480, PF1495, PF1497, PF1501, PF1567, PF1603, PF1608,
PF1618, PF1620, PF1843, PF1844, PF1864, PF1867, PF1868, PF1917, Z15560, Z15661, Z15662, Z15663, Z15664, Z15665,
Z15667, Z15668, Z15669, Z15670, Z15671, Z15672, Z15673, Z15674, Z15677, Z15680, Z15681, Z15682, Z15683
• • • • •
•
CF P143/PF2587, CTS3818/M3690/PF2668,
CTS6376/M3711/PF2697
• • • • •
• •
C IMS-JST029149,
IMS-JST037816-80, M130/Page51/RPS4Y711,
M216, P184, P255/P325, P260/P324, Page85, V77, V183, V199, V232
• • • • •
• •
F L132.1,
M89/PF2746, M213/P137/Page38, M235/Page80/PF2665, P14/PF2704, P133, P134, P135/PF2741, P136/PF2762, P138/PF2655,
P139, P140, P141/PF2602, P142, P145/PF2617, P146/PF2623, P148/PF2734, P149,
P151/PF2625, P157, P158/PF2706, P159/PF2717, P160/PF2618, P161, P163, P166/PF2702, P187/PF2632, P316
• • • • •
• • •
GHIJK F1329/M3658/PF2622/YSC0001299,
CTS2254/M3680/PF2657, FGC2045/Z12203
• • • • •
• • • •
G M201/PF2957,
CTS34/M3442/PF2780, CTS175/M3226/PF2782,
CTS189/M3444, CTS282/M3445, CTS373/M3448, CTS440/M3233/PF2842, CTS635/M3449/PF2843, CTS670/M3451, CTS692/M3452,
CTS827/M3454/PF2847, CTS995/M3455, CTS1010/PF2848, CTS1013/M3242/PF2849, CTS1029/M3456/PF2850, CTS1139/M3458/PF2852,
CTS1283/M3461/PF2855, CTS1437/M3462/PF2856, CTS1574, CTS1577/M3499/PF2922, CTS1612/M3500/PF2923,
CTS1613/M3501/PF2924,
CTS1624/PF2925, CTS1750/PF2927, CTS1768/M3505/PF2928, CTS1997/M3508/PF2933, CTS2016.1/M3509.1/PF2934.1,
CTS2120/M3510/PF2935, CTS2125/M3511, CTS2126/M3512, CTS2136/M3513/PF2938, CTS2174/M3515/PF2939, CTS2215/M3287/PF2940,
CTS2251/M3289, CTS2271/M3516, CTS2357/M3517/PF2943, CTS2506/M3519/PF2945, CTS2517/M3520/PF2946, CTS2624/M3522,
CTS4101/M3526/PF2963, CTS4238/M3528/PF2966, CTS4479/PF2793, CTS4523/M3311/PF2974, CTS4613/M3532/PF2975,
CTS4749/M3534/PF2977, CTS4761/M3535/PF2978, CTS4887/M3536/PF2979, CTS5317/M3537, CTS5414/M3538/PF2981,
CTS5498/M3539/PF2982, CTS5504/M3322/PF2983, CTS5640/L1342/M3540, CTS5658/M3541/PF2985, CTS5699/M3542,
CTS5757/M3328/PF2989, CTS5837/M3543/PF2990, CTS6073/M3544/PF2992, CTS6483/M3547/PF2996, CTS6807/M3550,
CTS6894/PF3003, CTS6936/M3552/PF3004, CTS6957/M3553/PF3005, CTS7092/M3555/PF3006, CTS7269/M3557,
CTS7388/M3558/PF3009,
CTS7674/M3562/PF3015, CTS7929/M3563/PF3016, CTS8023/M3564/PF3017, CTS8531/M3565, CTS8717/M3566, CTS9011/M3567/PF3024,
CTS9190/M3568/PF3025, CTS9593/M3570, CTS9641/M3367/PF3030, CTS9707/M3571/PF3031, CTS9710/M3572/PF3032,
CTS9894/PF3036/M3574, CTS10026/PF3037/M3575, CTS10280/PF3039/M3577, CTS10393/PF3041/M3379, CTS10706, CTS10721/M3611,
CTS10723/M3612, CTS10824/M3613/PF3097, CTS10945/M3206, CTS11185/M3616/PF3100, CTS11228/M3618,
CTS11294/L769/PF3104, CTS11331/M3620, CTS11400/M3621/PF3106, CTS11529/M3622, CTS11670,
CTS11702/PF3111, CTS11907/M3424/PF3113, CTS11911/M3623/PF3114,
CTS12040/M3624/PF3115, CTS12309/PF3127, CTS12440/M3629/PF3126, CTS12600/M3630/PF3128, CTS12654/M3631/PF3129,
CTS12704/M3439/PF3130, CTS12731/M3632/PF3131, CTS12949/M3634/PF3132, CTS13035/PF3133, F2076/L524/PF3136,
F3359/M3614/PF3098, F3496/M3625/PF3118, L116/PF2955/S284, L154/PF3139, L204/PF2825, L269/PF3135,
L382/M3523/PF2951, L402, F1131/L519,
F1383/L520/PF2892, F1551/L521/PF2899,
L522/PF3011, F2906/L523/PF3027, L605/PF3023, L770, L836, L837, L1258, L1407/Z3439,
M3248/PF2859, M3257/PF2871, M3258/PF2872, M3264/PF2878, M3266/PF2881,
M3274/Z3218, M3387/PF3048, M3402/Z6110, M3432/PF3117, M3450/PF2844, M3459/Z3182, M3463/PF2857,
M3464/PF2858,
M3466/PF2861, M3468/Z3192, M3470/PF2865, M3471/PF2866, M3472/PF2867, M3473/PF2868, M3474/PF2869, M3476/PF2873,
M3477/PF2875, M3478/PF2876, M3479/PF2877, M3481/PF2880, M3482/PF2884, M3485/PF2888, M3486/PF2889, M3487/PF2890,
M3489/Z3215, M3490/PF2894, M3494/Z3226, M3495/PF2902, M3496/Z3229, M3497/Z3230, M3498/PF2921, M3502/Z3302,
M3507/PF2932, M3514/PF3265, M3560/PF3012, M3569/Z3401, M3580/PF3046, M3582/PF3049, M3583/PF3050, M3586/PF3053,
M3587/PF3054, M3588/PF3057, M3589/Z6108, M3591/PF3061, M3593/PF3063, M3595/PF3065, M3596/PF3068, M3597/PF3069,
M3598/Z3284, M3599/PF3070, M3600/PF3071, M3601/PF3072, M3603/PF3075, M3604/PF3076/S7530,
M3605/PF3077, M3606/Z3508,
M3608/PF3092, M3609/PF3094, M3619/PF3103, M3627/PF3121, M3628/PF3122, M3633/Z3561, P257/PF2950/U6,
Page94/PF3137/U17, PF2788, PF2790, PF2791, PF2796, PF2802, PF2804, PF2805.1/Z2540.2,
PF2806, PF2808, PF2809, PF2815, PF2816, PF2817, PF2819, PF2821, PF2831, PF2836, PF2837,
PF2901, PF2907, PF2908,
PF2910, PF2914, PF2915, PF2917, PF2918, PF2920, PF2952/S314/U2, PF2956/U3, PF2958/U7,
PF3022, PF3045, PF3067, PF3080, PF3083, PF3087, PF3088, PF3123, PF3343,
PF3134/U33, U12, U20,
U21, U23, Z3067, Z3078, Z3080, Z3081, Z3085, Z3087, Z3089/S8863/Y232, Z3094, Z3095, Z3097, Z3102, Z3104,
Z3117, Z3120, Z3122, Z3136, Z3144, Z3145, Z3150, Z3152, Z3166, Z3201, Z3239, Z3246, Z3247, Z3248, Z3250, Z3258/S1435,
Z3262, Z3285, Z3314, Z3349, Z3400, Z3438, Z3478, Z3482, Z3485, Z3502, Z3507, Z3539, Z6040, Z6106, Z6107, Z6115,
Z6121, Z6317, Z6318, Z6324, Z6325, Z6472
• • • • •
• • • •
HIJK F929/M578/PF3494/S6397
• • • • •
• • • • •
H L901/M2939, M2713/Z4171, M2773,
M2826/Z4221, M2856, M2896/Z4251, M2920/Z4265, M2936/Z4273, M2938, M2942/Z4276, M2945/Z4278, M2955/Z4282, M2957,
M2958, M2966/Z4292, M3035/Z4329, M3052/Z4336, M3058/Z4338, M3062/Z4340, M3070/Z4346, M3076/Z4354, M3095,
Z4166, Z4205, Z4309, Z13958, Z13959, Z13960, Z13961, Z13962, Z13963, Z13964, Z13965
• • • • •
• • • • •
IJK L15/M523/PF3492/S137, L16/M522/PF3493/S138
• • • • •
• • • • •
•
IJ M429/P125/PF3535,
F4281/P123/PF3554, P124/PF3553, P126, P127/PF3526, P129/PF3536,
P130/PF3525/S22, PF3567/S2
• • • • •
• • • • •
• •
I M170/PF3715,
CTS48/PF3569, CTS70/PF3570, CTS88/PF3571, CTS646/PF3629, CTS674/FI1/PF3630, CTS772/PF3631, CTS1006, CTS1301/PF3635,
CTS1555/PF3696, CTS1800/PF3699, CTS2193/PF3703, CTS2387/PF3705, CTS2514/PF3706, CTS2536/PF3707, CTS3076/PF3712,
CTS3383/PF3716, CTS3384/PF3717, CTS3517/PF3719, CTS3641/PF3722, CTS4077/PF3725, CTS4088/PF3868, CTS4209/PF3726,
CTS4239/PF3727, CTS4272/PF3728, CTS4273/PF3729, CTS4340/PF3730, CTS4637, CTS4664, CTS4745/PF3734, CTS4752/PF3735,
CTS4848/FI7/PF3736, CTS4982/PF3737, CTS5016/PF3738, CTS5150/PF3739, CTS5263, CTS5622/PF3743, CTS5650/PF3744,
CTS5764/PF3746, CTS5908/PF3747, CTS5946/PF3748, CTS6231/PF3750, CTS6265/PF3871, CTS6271/PF3751, CTS6334/PF3752,
CTS6343/PF3753, CTS6344/PF3754, CTS6497/PF3756, CTS6751/PF3757, CTS7026/PF3758, CTS7329, CTS7469, CTS7502/PF3760,
CTS7540/PF3761, CTS7593/PF3763, CTS7831/PF3766, CTS8064/PF3768, CTS8257, CTS8300/PF3770, CTS8333/PF3771,
CTS8345/PF3772, CTS8420/PF3773, CTS8545/PF3775, CTS8742/PF3776, CTS8876/PF3778, CTS8963, CTS9264/PF3782,
CTS9269/PF3783, CTS9484/PF3785, CTS9618/PF3786, CTS9838/PF3788, CTS9860/PF3790, CTS10058, CTS10941/PF3838,
CTS11369/PF3840, CTS11441, CTS11540/PF3842, CTS11779/PF3844, CTS11979/PF3878, FI2/YSC0000281,
FI3/L756/PF3662/YSC0000284, FI4/PF3668,
FGC2411/Y1877, FGC2412/Y1909, FGC2413/Y1869, FGC2414/Y1903,
FGC2415/Y1880, FGC2416/S10441/Y1865, FGC2417, FGC2418/Y1841, FGC2419, FGC2420/Y1907, FGC2421/Y1931, FGC2424,
FGC2443/Y1834, FCG2447, FGC2453, FGC2456, FGC2458/Y1942, FGC2467, FGC3436, FGC7049, FGC7050,
L41/PF3787, L503, L578/PF3653, L751/PF3779/YSC0000291, L755/PF3659/YSC0000283,
L758/PF3663/YSC0000285, L772/PF3731/YSC0000263, L844/PF3572/YSC0000275, L846/PF3646/YSC0000280, L847/PF3841/YSC0000298,
L1197/PF3718/YSC0000260, M258/PF3721, M1460/PF3816,
M11064/PF3634, P19_1, P19_2, P19_3, P19_4, P19_5, P38, P212/PF3580,
PF3742/U179, PF3574, PF3575, PF3578, PF3585, PF3586, PF3588, PF3589, PF3590, PF3592, PF3594,
PF3596, PF3599, PF3600, PF3601, PF3602, PF3603, PF3604, PF3605, PF3611, PF3612, PF3616, PF3617, PF3618, PF3620,
PF3622, PF3625, PF3627/V218.2, PF3639, PF3640, PF3641, PF3642, PF3645, PF3649, PF3654, PF3660, PF3661, PF3665,
PF3666, PF3670, PF3672, PF3675, PF3677, PF3685, PF3687, PF3689, PF3694, PF3695, PF3742/U179, PF3759/YSC0000267,
PF3780, PF3794, PF3795, PF3796, PF3797, PF3799, PF3800, PF3803, PF3804, PF3806, PF3807, PF3809, PF3811, PF3813,
PF3814, PF3815, PF3817, PF3819, PF3822, PF3828, PF3829, PF3833, PF3836, PF3837, PF3847/YSC0000300, PF3864,
Y1847, YSC0000256, YSC0000272,
Z16984, Z16985, Z16986, Z16987
• • • • •
• • • • •
• •
J M304/Page16/PF4609,
12f2.1, CTS26/PF4489, CTS687/PF4503, CTS852/PF4504, CTS1033/PF4507, CTS1068/PF4508,
CTS1250/PF4510/YSC0001255,
CTS1561/PF4534, CTS2042/PF4536, CTS2769/PF4538, CTS3543/PF4540/YSC0001268, CTS3732/PF4541, CTS3872/PF4542,
CTS3936/PF4543/YSC0001275,
CTS4204/PF4545/YSC0001278, CTS4349/PF4547, CTS4356/PF4548, CTS4937/PF4549, CTS5280/PF4550, CTS5426/PF4552,
CTS5545/M3163/PF4554/YSC0001284, CTS5628/PF4555, CTS5678/PF4556, CTS5691/PF4557, CTS5934,
CTS6958/PF4561, CTS7028/PF4562, CTS7229/PF4563/YSC0001286, CTS7483/PF4565, CTS7565/M5960/PF4566, CTS7738/PF4568,
CTS7832/PF4569, CTS8078/PF4570, CTS8160/PF4571, CTS8938/PF4577, CTS8974/PF4578, CTS9533/PF4582, CTS9877/PF4583,
CTS10446/PF4586, CTS10858/PF4612, CTS11211/PF4614, CTS11291/PF4615, CTS11571/PF4617, CTS11750/PF4618/YSC0001250,
CTS11765/PF4620, CTS11787/PF4621/YSC0001251, CTS12047/YSC0001253, CTS12683/PF4623, CTS12887/PF4624, CTS12913/PF4625,
F1167/PF4516/YSC0001296, F1168/PF4517,
F1181/PF4518/S35, F1381/PF4520, F1632/YSC0001301, F1633,
F1634/PF4523/YSC0001302, F1744/S4968/YSC0001303, F1826, F1973/PF4546/YSC0001304, F2114/PF4551, F2116/PF4553/YSC0000785,
F2174/PF4558/YSC0001305, F2390/PF4560, F2502/PF4564, F2707/PF4573, F2746/YSC0001309, F2769/PF4576, F2817/PF4579,
F2839/PF4580, F2973/PF4585/YSC0001312, F3074/PF4587/YSC0001313, F3119/PF4588, F3138/PF4590, F3176/PF4592/YSC0001314,
F3347/PF4608/YSC0001315, F3358/PF4611/YSC0001316, F4072/PF4509/S34,
F4299/PF4589, F4300, FGC1599/S23720/Z7822, FGC1600/Z7805, FGC1601/Z7809, FGC1604/Z7814,
FGC1605/Z7807, FGC1606/Z7810, FGC1607/Z7803, FGC1609/Z7816, FGC2789/Z7808, FGC2791/Z7821, FGC3271/S13155/Z7815,
FGC7618/Z7811, L60/PF4537/S6, L134/PF4539,
L778/PF4616/YSC0000236, M10434/S10188, P209/PF4584,
PF4491, PF4492, PF4494, PF4495, PF4497, PF4498, PF4505/YSC0000064, PF4506/YSC0000066,
PF4511/YSC0001321, PF4513, PF4515, PF4519, PF4521, PF4524, PF4528, PF4529, PF4530, PF4532, PF4533, PF4535/YSC0000165,
PF4567/YSC0000197, PF4572, PF4575, PF4591, PF4593, PF4594, PF4595, PF4596/Z2442, PF4598, PF4602/YSC0001323,
PF4603, PF4605, PF4606, PF4607, PF4619/YSC0000239, PF4622, S19861/Z6326, S22619/Z7820, YSC0000228, Z7802, Z7817,
Z7818, Z7829, Z7830, Z16989
• • • • •
• • • • •
•
K M9, P128/PF5504,
P131/PF5493, P132/PF5480 (See Notes for relationship to remaining haplogroups.)
• • • • •
• • • • •
• •
LT L298/P326, CTS2888/PF5543, CTS3648, CTS4783/PF5548,
CTS5175/PF5549, CTS6888, CTS753/PF5525, PF5519, PF5526, PF5531, PF5535, PF5536, PF5566, PF5586,
L811
• • • • •
• • • • •
• • •
L M20/PF5570, L855, L863,
L878/PF5524, L879/PF5697, M11, M61/Page43, M185/PF5755
• • • • •
• • • • •
• • •
T M184/Page34/USP9Y+3178,
CTS150, CTS482/PF5596, CTS493/PF5597,
CTS573, CTS3585/PF5618, CTS3837, CTS4014, CTS4652/PF5547, CTS5035, CTS5268/PF7471, CTS5336/PF5626, CTS6045/PF5629,
CTS6275/PF7447, CTS6887/PF5637, CTS7164, CTS7263, CTS7426, CTS7749/L810/PF5640,
CTS8247, CTS8994, CTS10416/PF5655, CTS10700, CTS10879, CTS11569, CTS12657, L445, L452, L455/PF5670,
M272/PF5667, Page129,
PF5529, PF5537, PF5568, PF5587, PF5590, PF5603, PF5607, PF5613, PF5661, PF5674, PF5678,
PF7460, PF7464, PF7466, PF7480
• • • • •
• • • • •
• • •
NO M214/Page39, P192, P193, P194,
P195.1
• • • • •
• • • • •
• • • •
N M231/Page91
• • • • •
• • • • •
• • • •
O M175,
CTS647, CTS874/M1530,
CTS1182/M1740, CTS1658/M1746, CTS1853/M1747, CTS2340, CTS2419/M1748, CTS3283/M1749,
CTS3771/M1750, CTS5118/M1752, CTS5493/M1753, CTS7498/M1758, CTS7553/M1759, CTS7942/M1760, CTS8384/M1762,
CTS8746/M1763, CTS9039/M1766, CTS9544/M1767, CTS9577, CTS9602/M1768, CTS10784/M1779, CTS10995/M1780, CTS11705,
CTS11955/M1781, CTS12865/M1783, F14/M1738, F45/M1739, F84/M1741, F137/M1743, F171/M1573, F175, F182/M1744,
F282/M1359, F315/M1751, F355/M1754, F371/M1756, F380/M1757/S27659, F452/M1761, F478/M1764, F494/M1765,
F537/M1769, F540, F546/M1770, F600/M1777, F614/M1778, F663, F668/M1782, FGC12433, FGC12434, FCG12436,
L101, L1361/M1771. M1742, M1745, M1772, M1773, M1774, M1775,
M1776, P186, P188, P191, P196, Z16951, Z16952, Z16953, Z16954, Z16955,
Z16956, Z16957, Z16958, Z16959, Z16960, Z16961, Z16962, Z16963, Z16964, Z16965, Z16966, Z16967
• • • • •
• • • • •
• • • • •
•
S M230, P202, P204
• • • • •
• • • • •
• • • • •
M P256, Page93/S322
• • • • •
• • • • •
• • • •
P P295/PF5866/S8, 92R7_1, 92R7_2,
F91/PF5862/V231
• • • • •
• • • • •
• • • • •
•
Q M242
• • • • •
• • • • •
• • • • •
•
R M207/Page37/UTY2,
P224/PF6050,
P227, P229/PF6019, P232, P280, P285, PF6014/S9
M734/PF6057/S4/YSC0000201
SNPs under Investigation - Additional testing is needed to confirm adequate positive samples and/or correct placement on the tree.
NOTES:
Y-DNA haplogroup descriptions are provided on each haplogroup page. The combined haplogroups are the only ones whose description appears on this page.
The root of the Y haplogroup tree is the so-called "Y-Chromosome Adam," the most recent patrineal ancestor of all people living today, who is believed to have lived 60,000 to 90,000 years ago. He was not the only man living at that time, he simply was the only man with an unbroken male line of descent to the present day. The A haplogroup is thought to have been defined about 60,000 years bp. The BT haplogroup split from the root of the Y haplogroup tree 55,000 years before present (bp), probably in North East Africa. The CF(xDE) haplogroup was the common ancestor of all people who migrated outside of Africa until recent times. The defining mutation occurred 31-55,000 years bp in North East Africa and is still most common in Africa today in Ethiopia and Sudan. The DE haplogroup appeared approximately 50,000 years bp in North East Africa and subsequently split into haplogroup E that spread to Europe and Africa and haplogroup D that rapidly spread along the coastline of India and Asia to North Asia. The IJ haplogroup characterizes part of the second wave of emigration from Africa that occurred via the Middle East 45,000 years bp and defines two branches I and J that emigrated northwards and eastwards into Europe. The J branch subsequently split again and contributed to the current North African population. The NO haplogroup appeared approximately 35,000-40,000 years bp in a region east of the Aral sea; subsequent branches spread to North Asia (N) and another branch (O) to South Asia via North India.
References:
Butler,
Recent Developments in Y-Short Tandem Repeat and Y-Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
Analysis. (pdf) Forensic Science Review, Vol. 15, No. 2, 100-111, 2003.
Chandrasekar et al,
YAP Insertion Signature in South Asia.
Annals of Human Biology, 34(5);582-6, 2007.
Charoni et al,
Y Chromosome Diversity, Human Expansion, Drift, and Cultural Evolution.
PNAS, 106 (48); 20174-20179, 2009.
Cruciani et al,
A Revised Root for the Human Y Chromosomal Phylogenetic Tree--The Origin of Patrilineal Diversity in Africa.
The American Journal of Human Genetics, doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.05.002, 2011.
Hammer et al,
Hierarchical Patterns of Global Human Y-Chromosome Diversity. (pdf)
Molecular Biology and Evolution, 18:1189-1203, 2001.
Hammer et al,
Population Structure of Y chromosome SNP Haplogroups in the United States and Forensic
Implications for Constructing Y Chromosome STR Databases. Forensic Science International,
(in press), 2005.
Jobling et al,
The Human Y Chromosome: An Evolutionary Marker Comes of Age. Nature/Reviews/Genetics,
4:598-612, 2003.
Karafet et al,
Improved Phylogenetic Resolution and Rapid Diversification of Y-chromosome Haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia.
European Journal of Human Genetics, 1-5, 2014.
Karafet et al,
Major East-West Division Underlies Y Chromosome Stratification Across Indonesia. Abstract.
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msq063. 2010.
Karafet et al,
New Binary Polymorphisms Reshape and Increase Resolution of the Human Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup
Tree. Abstract. Genome Research, published online April 2, 2008.
Supplementary Material.
Kayser et al,
Melanesian and Asian Origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y-Chromosome Gradients across
the Pacific. MBE Advance Access published August 21, 2006.
Magoon et al,
Generation of High-resolution a priori Y-chromosome Phylogenies Using "Next-generation" Sequencing Data
bioRxiv, doi: 10.1101/000802, December 13, 2013.
Mendez et al,
An African American Paternal
Lineage Adds an Extremely Ancient Root to the Human Y Chromosome Phylogenetic Tree. (abstract) American Journal of
Human Genetics 28 February 2013.
Poznik et al,
Sequencing Y Chromosomes Resolves Discrepancy in Time to Common Ancestor of Males Versus Females. (abstract)
Science, 341 (6145): 562-5. 2013.
Rootsi S,
Human Y Chromosomal Variations in European Populations (dissertation) Council of the
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Oct 2004.
Rozen et al,
Remarkably Little Variation in Proteins Encoded by the Y Chromosome's Single-Copy Genes, Implying Effective
Purifying Selection. American Journal of Human Genetics. 2009 December 11; 85(6): 923-928.
Underhill et al,
The Phylogeography of Y Chromosome Binary Haplotypes and the Origins of Modern Human
Populations. (pdf) Annals of Human Genetics, 65:43-62, 2001.
Underhill et al,
New Phylogenetic Relationships for Y-chromosome Haplogroup I: Reappraising its Phylogeography and Prehistory.
in Rethinking the Human Evolution, Mellars P, Boyle K, Bar-Yosef O, Stringer C, Eds.
McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, UK, pp. 33-42, 2007b.
Underhill et al,
Use of Y Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Population Structure in Tracing Human Migrations. (abstract)
Annual Review Genetics, 41:539-564, December 1, 2007a.
Underhill et al,
Y Chromosome Sequence Variation and the History of Human Populations. (pdf) Nature Genetics, 26:
358-361, November 2000.
Wang et al,
Discovery of Phylogenetic Relevant Y-chromosome Variants in 1000 Genomes Project Data.
Quantitative Biology, arXiv:1310.6590, 2013.
Y Chromosome Consortium (YCC),
A Nomenclature System for the Tree of Human Y-Chromosomal Binary Haplogroups. Genome
Research: 12:339-348, 2002.
Corrections/Additions made since 1 January 2014:
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