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Y-DNA Haplogroup K and its Subclades - 2018

The entire work is identified by the Version Number and date given on the Main Page. Directions for citing the document are given at the bottom of the Main Page.

Because of continuing research, the structure of the Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree changes and ISOGG does its best to keep the tree updated with the latest developments in the field. The viewer may observe other versions of the tree on the Web. Email Ray Banks if the differences need clarification or if you find any broken links on this page.

^ Indicates a next-generation sequencing entry which does not yet meet quality guidelines for minimum number of reads.
^^ Indicates an entry which does not meet quality guidelines but may be helpful.
~ Indicates only an approximate location on the tree.

The criteria for a representative SNP printed in bold for a subclade is: traditional usage, testing one in multiple labs, and/or being found in the area of the chromosome used in recent research studies.

SNPs listed below in italics (colored black or red) are quality variants from next-generation sequencing reports consistently showing as representing that subgroup.

Contact Person for Haplogroup K: Gareth Henson 

K   M9/PF5506
K~ P128/PF5504, P131/PF5493, PF132/PF5480
• LT ^{or K1}   L298/P326, etc.
• • L ^{or K1a}    M20/PF5570, etc.
• • T ^{or K1b}    M184/Page34/USP9Y+3178, etc.
• K2   M526/PF5979 -This was previously classified as K(xLT), etc.
• • NO^{or K2a}    F549/M2335/S22380/V4208
• • • NO1 ^{or K2a1}   M214/Page39 etc.
• • • • N ^{or K2a1a}   M231/Page91 etc.
• • • • O ^{or K2a1b}   M175 etc.
• • K2b   M1221/P331/PF5911
• • • K2b1   P399, P397^^, PR2099, Z31091, Z31092, Z31109
• • • • S ^{or K2b1a}   B254, Z33355
• • • • M ^{or K2b1b}   P256, etc.
• • • P ^{or K2b2}   P295/PF5866/S8, etc.
• • K2c   P261, P263
• • K2d   P402, P403
• • K2e~  M147

NOTES:

• Identical SNPs that were discovered separately are listed in alphabetical order, not necessarily in the order of discovery, and separated by "/". Examples: M74/N12, M184/USP9Y+3178.
• The Karafet et al (2008) paper made a major change to Haplogroup K. The subgroups formerly known as K1 and K7 was moved to M2 and M3, respectively, and K2 and K5 became Haplogroups S and T, respectively.
• The 50f2(C) deletion in the AZFc region of the human Y chromosome has been observed in several different haplogroups and is not a unique event polymorphism. It is notable, however, that it has been detected at relatively high levels in subgroups of K in Melanesia - K* (21%), and K3 (14%).
• P299 appeared in earlier K trees, but was omitted in 2014 Karafet study so its placement is uncertain. 
• The chromosome location for M-P256 shown in Karafet (2008) seems off by one chromosome position.  All M samples from next-generation sequencing show the same mutation at adjacent chromosome position 8685231.  So this is the position tentatively listed in the ISOGG index.  Listed 31 August 2016.

Y-DNA haplogroup K is an old lineage established approximately 40,000 thousand years ago whose origins were probably in southwestern Asia. K's structure is interwoven with other haplogroups downstream (refer to the main tree at Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree). The subclades restricted to K itself are found at low frequencies in various parts of Africa, Eurasia, Australia and the South Pacific.

Geographical Distribution of ancestry of men in Haplogroup K (not complete):
   
K2c           P261      Balinese Indonesia        
K2d          P402      Javanese Indonesia
K2e          M147     India, Pakistan

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