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Y-DNA Haplogroup T and its Subclades - 2018

The entire work is identified by the Version Number and date given on the Main Page. Directions for citing the document are given at the bottom of the Main Page.

Because of continuing research, the structure of the Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree changes and ISOGG does its best to keep the tree updated with the latest developments in the field. The viewer may observe other versions of the tree on the Web. Email Ray Banks if the differences need clarification or if you find any broken links on this page.

^ Indicates a next-generation sequencing entry which does not yet meet quality guidelines for minimum number of reads.
^^ Indicates an entry which does not meet quality guidelines but may be helpful.
~ Indicates only an approximate location on the tree.

The criteria for a representative SNP printed in bold for a subclade is: traditional usage, testing one in multiple labs, and/or being found in the area of the chromosome used in recent research studies.

SNPs listed below in italics (colored black or red) are quality variants from next-generation sequencing reports consistently showing as representing that subgroup.

Contact Person for Haplogroup T: Gareth Henson

Link to Experimental Composite Y-DNA Haplogroup T Tree by Ray Banks.

T   M184/Page34/USP9Y+3178, CTS150, CTS482/PF5596, CTS493/PF5597, CTS549/L1322/PF5598, CTS573, CTS3585/PF5618, CTS3837, CTS4014, CTS4201/PF5621, CTS4652/PF5547, CTS5035, CTS5268/PF7471, CTS5336/PF5626, CTS6045/PF5629, CTS6275/PF7447, CTS6887/PF5637, CTS7164, CTS7263, CTS7426, CTS7749/L810/PF5640, CTS8247, CTS8994, CTS10416/PF5655, CTS10700, CTS10879, CTS11569, CTS12657, L445, L452, L455/PF5670, L692, M193, M272/PF5667, Page129, PF5529, PF5537, PF5568, PF5587, PF5589, PF5590, PF5603, PF5607, PF5609, PF5612, PF5613, PF5657, PF5661, PF5674, PF5678, PF7460, PF7464, PF7466, PF7480
� T1   L206, CTS5987, CTS6276, CTS6577, CTS6805/PF5636, CTS8004/PF5641, CTS8397/PF5646, CTS9308, CTS10278, L490, PF5602, PF5604, PF5659, PF5666, PF5673, PF7465, PF7481
� T1~ CTS2336, CTS6004, CTS6214/PF5631, PF5518, PF5592, PF5664 
� � T1a   M70/Page46/PF5662, CTS5332.1/PF7472.1, CTS5364, CTS6375, CTS9268/PF5651, CTS11054, CTS11746,  Page78, PF5588, PF5608, PF5610, PF5660, PF7463
� � � T1a1   L162/Page21, L454, CTS484, CTS550, CTS3271, CTS5542/PF5627, CTS5690, CTS8065/PF5642, CTS11078, CTS11556, L299/PF5675, L453/PF5617, PF5567, PF5593, PF5594, PF5658, FGC3945.2/Z526.2,
� � � � T1a1a   L208/Page2, CTS931, CTS1818, CTS2611, CTS4085/PF5620, CTS4916, CTS6000/PF7446, CTS7169/PF7448, CTS9163, CTS9506/PF7450, L905
� � � � � T1a1a1   CTS11451
� � � � � � T1a1a1a   PF7455
� � � � � � � T1a1a1a1   Y12643
� � � � � � � � T1a1a1a1a   Y12641
� � � � � � � � � T1a1a1a1a1   Y15122
� � � � � � � � T1a1a1a1b   PF7443
� � � � � � � � � T1a1a1a1b1   PF7445
� � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1a1b1a   PF7444, PF7453, PF7457, PF7458
� � � � � � T1a1a1b   FGC3995/Y4119
� � � � � � � T1a1a1b1   Y16244
� � � � � � � � T1a1a1b1a   FGC40894/Y18472
� � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b1a1   Y14121
� � � � � � � T1a1a1b2   CTS2214
� � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2a   Y15127
� � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2a1   Y15711
� � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2a1a   Y15709
� � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2a1b   FGC41002/Y19196
� � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2a2   Y3781
� � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2a2a   Y3824
� � � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2a2a1   Y3782
� � � � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2a2a1a   Y3836
� � � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2a2a2   Y9102
� � � � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2a2a2a   Y16247
� � � � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2a2a2b   Y9104
� � � � � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2a2a2b1   Y16241
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2a2a2b1a   Y16240
� � � � � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2a2a2b2   FGC40425/Y19159
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2a2a2b2a   FGC40529/Y19161
� � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2b   Z709, CTS4647
� � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2b1   Y9109
� � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2b1a   Y18004
� � � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2b1a   Y18003
� � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2b2   FGC3988/Z710, CTS8512, FGC3993/Z714, Z713
� � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2b2a   Y6409
� � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2b2b   CTS660/L906
� � � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2b2b1   CTS8603
� � � � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2b2b1a   P77, CTS2860, CTS7225/L907, CTS11968
� � � � � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2b2b1a1   CTS6174
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2b2b1a1a   CTS6507
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2b2b1a1a1   CTS9882
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2b2b1a1a1a   Y15648
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2b2b1a1a1a   FGC40667/Y19381
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2b2b1a1a1b   FGC4018/Y4981
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2b2b1a1a1b1   Y16136
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2b2b1a1a1b2   FGC4040/SK1718/Y5675
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2b2b1a1a1b2a   FGC4065/Y5685
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2b2b1a1a1b2a1   FGC4016/Y8852
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2b2b1a1a1c   CTS6901
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2b2b1a1a2   CTS6280
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2b2b1a1a3   Y16021
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � T1a1a1b2b2b1a1a4   Y11596
� � � � � � T1a1a1c~ P321
� � � � � � � T1a1a1c1~ P317
� � � � � T1a1a2   Y16897
� � � � � � T1a1a2a   Z19963
� � � T1a2   L131, CTS2157
� � � T1a2~ CTS2201, CTS2293, CTS4806, CTS7239, CTS8309, CTS8438, CTS9429, CTS9794, CTS11227, CTS12018, CTS13009.1, S11611, S11658, S12150, S15560, S16112, S17330 S22136/SK1475
� � � � T1a2a   PH141/Y13244
� � � � � T1a2a1   P322, P328
� � � � T1a2b   L446, CTS1482, CTS2161, CTS2880, CTS6788, CTS6930, CTS11660, CTS11796, CTS12108, S16483, S23032
� � � � � T1a2b1   CTS933 , CTS6071, CTS10803, CTS12204
� � � � � � T1a2b1a   CTS3767, CTS11984, CTS54, CTS1774, CTS6312, CTS6769, CTS7303, CTS8618, CTS8625, CTS8855, CTS9603, CTS11753, PH388, SK1478
� � � � � � � T1a2b1a1   CTS8862, CTS8489, CTS9984, CTS10538
� � � � � � � � T1a2b1a1a   Y17493
� � � � � T1a2b2   FGC23010/Y7381
� � � � � � T1a2b2a   FGC23024/Y7438
� � � T1a3   FGC1350/Y11151
� � � � T1a3a   Y11675/Z9798
� � � � T1a3b   FGC1340/Y8614
� � � � � T1a3b1   L1255
� � � � � � T1a3b1a   FGC1408/Y9221
� � � � � T1a3b2   Y13280
� � � � � � T1a3b2a   Y13698
� � � � � � � T1a3b2a1   SK1474/Y13718
� � � � � � � � T1a3b2a1a   FGC41095/Y19167
� � � � � � � � T1a3b2a1b   Y13293
� � � � � � � � � T1a3b2a1b1   Y13279
� T2   PH110, PH196, PH478, PH526, PH550, PH768, PH933, PH1092, PH1106, PH1172, PH1268, PH1294, PH1343, PH1378, PH1434, PH1457, PH1546, PH1579, PH1583, PH1633, PH1691, PH1841, PH1867, PH1883, PH2017, PH2156, PH2279, PH2292, PH2328, PH2855, PH2861, PH2900, PH2933, PH2990, PH3010, PH3131, PH3150, PH3341, PH3399, PH3422, PH3474, PH3561, PH3721, PH3842, PH3862, PH3868, PH3922, PH3943, PH3996, PH4121, PH4216, PH4431, PH4591, PH4676, PH4746, PH4802, PH4834, PH4842, PH4892, PH4935, PH5136, PH5171, PH5181, PH5212, PH5256, PH5433

NOTES:

• Haplogroup T was formerly called K2 and was first called T in the Karafet et al (2008) paper.
• Identical SNPs that were discovered separately are listed in alphabetical order, not necessarily in the order of discovery, and separated by "/". Examples M184/USP9Y+3178.
• Mutations previously on tree but found so far only in one man or in closely related men:
• M320 is downstream of M70. It was reported in a single Druze sample in Shen et al (2004). Its placement relative to other SNPs under M70 is unknown. Listed 8 August 2012.
• P330 is downstream of L162. It was reported in a single Assyrian sample in Mendez et al (2011). Its placement relative to L905 is unknown. Listed 8 August 2012.
• P327 is downstream of P322. It was reported in four closely related Palestinian samples in Mendez et al (2011). Listed 8 August 2012.
• L1254 is downstream of L1255 and found in one branch of a Kuwaiti family. Listed 7 October 2012.
• L447 is downstream of L446 and found in a single Armenian sample. Listed 11 January 2013.



Y-DNA haplogroup T is found at low frequencies throughout Europe and in parts of the Middle East, North Africa, and East Africa. A famous person in Haplogroup T was Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809.


References:

Alonso et al, The Place of the Basques in the European Y-chromosome Diversity Landscape. (available by subscription) European Journal of Human Genetics, 13:1293-1302, 2005.
Bortolini et al, Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas. American Journal of Human Genetics, 73:524�539, (2003).
Capredon et al, Tracing Arab-Islamic Inheritance in Madagascar: Study of the Y-chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA in the Antemoro. PLoS ONE 8(11): e80932. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080932, 2013.
Cinnioglu et al, Excavating Y-chromosome Haplotype Strata in Anatolia. (pdf) Human Genetics. 114:127-148, 2004.
Cruciani et al, A Back Migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa Is Supported by High-Resolution Analysis of Human Y-Chromosome Haplotypes. American Journal of Human Genetics, 70:1197-1214, 2002.
Flores et al, Reduced Genetic Structure of the Iberian Peninsula Revealed by Y-chromosome Analysis: Implications for Population Demography. (pdf) European Journal of Human Genetics, 12:855-863, 2004.
Francalacci et al, Low-Pass DNA Sequencing of 1200 Sardinians Reconstructs European Y-Chromosome Phylogeny. Science: Vol. 341 no. 6145, pp. 565-569, DOI: 10.1126/science.1237947, 2 August 2013.
Herrera et al, Neolithic Patrilineal Signals Indicate that the Armenian Plateau was Repopulated by Agriculturalists. European Journal of Human Genetics, 10.1038/ejhg.2011.192, 2011.
Karafet et al, New Binary Polymorphisms Reshape and Increase Resolution of the Human Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup Tree. Abstract. Genome Research, published online April 2, 2008. Supplementary Material.
Kivisild et al, The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists in Both Indian Tribal and Caste Populations. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 72:313-332, 2003.
Mendez et al, Increased Resolution of Y Chromosome Haplogroup T Defines Relationships among Populations of the Near East, Europe, and Africa. Human Biology 83(1):39-53, 2011.
Regueiro et al, Iran: Tricontinental Nexus for Y-Chromosome Driven Migration. (abstract) Human Heredity, Vol. 61, No 3, 132-143, 2006.
Semino et al, Ethiopians and Khoisan Share the Deepest Clades of the Human Y-Chromosome Phylogeny. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 70:265-268, 2002.
Rozen et al, Remarkably Little Variation in Proteins Encoded by the Y Chromosome's Single-Copy Genes, Implying Effective Purifying Selection. American Journal of Human Genetics. 2009 December 11; 85(6): 923-928.
Sengupta et al, Polarity and Temporality of High Resolution Y-chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 78:202-221, 2006.
Shen et al, Reconstruction of Patrilineages and Matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli Populations from Y-Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation. (pdf) Human Mutation, 24:248-260, 2004.
Su et al, Y-chromosome Evidence for a Northward Migration of Modern Humans into Eastern Asia during the Last Ice Age. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 65:1718-1724, 1999.
Thangaraj et al, Genetic Affinities of the Andaman Islanders, a Vanishing Human Population. (pdf) Current Biology, 13:86-93, 2003.


Additional Resources:
ISOGG Wiki - What you need to know about Genetic Genealogy.
The Y-DNA Haplogroup T (former K2) Project, Gareth Henson, Peter Hrechdakian.



Corrections/Additions made since 1 January 2018:

• None.



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