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| CLADE/SUBCLADE SYMBOLS: Added Redefined |
| SNP SYMBOLS: Not on 2009 tree Confirmed within subclade Provisional Private |
R M207/UTY2, P224,
P227, P229, P232, P280, P285, S4, S8, S9, V45
•
R* -
•
R1 M173/P241, M306/S1,P225, P231, P233,
P234, P236, P238, P242, P245, P286, P294
• •
R1* -
• •
R1a L62/M513,
L63/M511, L145/M449, L146/M420
• •
•
R1a* -
• •
•
R1a1 L120/M516, L222/M448, M459,
SRY1532.2/SRY10831.2
• •
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R1a1* -
• •
• •
R1a1a M17, M198, M417, M512, M514,
M515, Page07 (see Notes)
• •
• •
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R1a1a* -
• •
• •
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R1a1a1 M56
• •
• •
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R1a1a2 M157
• •
• •
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R1a1a3 M64.2, M87,
M204
• •
• •
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R1a1a4 P98
• •
• •
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R1a1a5 PK5
• •
• •
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R1a1a6 M434
• •
• •
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R1a1a7 M458
• •
• •
• •
R1a1a7* -
• •
• •
• •
R1a1a7a M334
• •
R1b M343
• •
•
R1b* -
• •
•
R1b1 P25
• •
• •
R1b1* -
• •
• •
R1b1a V88
• •
• •
•
R1b1a* -
• •
• • •
R1b1a1 M18
• •
• • •
R1b1a2 V8
• •
• • •
R1b1a3 V35
• •
• •
• •
R1b1a3* -
• •
• •
• •
R1b1a3a V7
• •
• • •
R1b1a4 V69
• •
• •
R1b1b P297
• •
• •
•
R1b1b* -
• •
• •
•
R1b1b1 M73
• •
• •
•
R1b1b2 L265, M269, S3, S10, S13, S17
• •
• •
• •
R1b1b2* -
• •
• •
• •
R1b1b2a L23/S141, L49
• •
• •
• •
•
R1b1b2a* -
• •
• •
• •
•
R1b1b2a1 L51
• •
• •
• •
• •
R1b1b2a1* -
• •
• •
• •
• •
R1b1b2a1a L11/S127, L52,
P310/S129, P311/S128
• •
• •
• •
• •
•
R1b1b2a1a* -
• •
• •
• •
• •
•
R1b1b2a1a1 M405/S21/U106
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
R1b1b2a1a1* -
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
R1b1b2a1a1a M467/S29/U198
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
R1b1b2a1a1b P107
(position relative to L48 uncertain)
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
R1b1b2a1a1c DYS439(null)/L1/S26
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
R1b1b2a1a1d L48/S162
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
•
R1b1b2a1a1d* -
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
•
R1b1b2a1a1d1 L47
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
R1b1b2a1a1d1* -
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
R1b1b2a1a1d1a L44
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
•
R1b1b2a1a1d1a* -
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
•
R1b1b2a1a1d1a1 L45, L46, L164
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
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R1b1b2a1a1d2 L148
• •
• •
• •
• •
•
R1b1b2a1a2 P312/S116
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
R1b1b2a1a2* -
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
R1b1b2a1a2a M65
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
R1b1b2a1a2b M153
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
R1b1b2a1a2c M167/SRY2627
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
R1b1b2a1a2d S28/U152
• •
• •
• •
• •
• • •
R1b1b2a1a2d* -
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
•
R1b1b2a1a2d1 M126
(position relative to L2/S139 uncertain)
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
•
R1b1b2a1a2d2 M160
(position relative to L2/S139 uncertain)
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
•
R1b1b2a1a2d3 L2/S139
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
R1b1b2a1a2d3* -
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
R1b1b2a1a2d3a L20/S144
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
R1b1b2a1a2e L165/S68
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
R1b1b2a1a2f L21/S145
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
•
R1b1b2a1a2f* -
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
•
R1b1b2a1a2f1 M37
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
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R1b1b2a1a2f2 M222/USP9Y+3636
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
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R1b1b2a1a2f3 P66
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
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R1b1b2a1a2f4 L226/S168
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
•
R1b1b2a1a2f5 L193
• •
• •
R1b1c M335
(position relative to P297 uncertain)
•
R2 M124, P249, P267
Private SNPs
NOTES:
Y-DNA haplogroup R (M207) is believed to have arisen approximately 27,000 years ago in Asia. The two currently defined subclades are R1 and R2.
References:
Adams et al,
The Case of the Unreliable SNP: Recurrent Back-mutation of Y-chromosomal Marker P25 Through
Gene Conversion. (abstract) Forensic Science International 159:14-20, 2006.
Alonso et al,
The Place of the Basques in the European
Y-chromosome Diversity Landscape. (available by subscription) European Journal of
Human Genetics, 13:1293-1302, 2005.
Behar et al,
Contrasting Patterns of Y Chromosome Variation in Ashkenazi Jewish and Host
Non-Jewish European Populations. (pdf) Human Genetics 114:354-365, 2004.
Capelli et al,
Population Structure in the Mediterranean Basin: A Y Chromosome Perspective. (pdf)
Annals of Human Genetics, 2005.
Cinnioglu et al,
Excavating Y-chromosome Haplotype Strata in Anatolia. (pdf) Human Genetics, 114:127-148, 2004.
Cruciani et al,
A Back Migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa Is Supported
by High-Resolution Analysis of Human Y-Chromosome Haplotypes. (pdf)
American Journal of Human Genetics, 70:1197-1214, 2002.
Cruciani et al,
Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup R-V88: A Paternal Genetic Record of Early Mid Holocene
Trans-Saharan Connections and the Spread of Chadic Languages. (abstract) (Epub ahead of print)
European Journal of Human Genetics, January 6, 2010.
Deng et al,
Evolution
and Migration History of the Chinese Population Inferred from the Chinese Y-chromosome Evidence.
(pdf) Journal of Human Genetics, 49:339-348, 2004.
Flores et al,
Reduced Genetic Structure of the Iberian Peninsula Revealed by Y-chromosome
Analysis: Implications for Population Demography. (pdf)
European Journal of Human Genetics,
12:855-863, 2004.
Hinds et al,
Whole-genome Patterns of Common DNA Variation in Three Human Populations.
Science, 307:1072-1079, 2005.
Karafet et al,
New Binary Polymorphisms Reshape and Increase Resolution of the Human Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup
Tree. Abstract. Genome Research, published online April 2, 2008.
Supplementary Material.
Karafet et al,
Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns,
and Microevolutionary Processes. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics,
69:615-628, 2001.
Karlsson et al,
Y-chromosome Diversity in Sweden - A Long-time Perspective. (pdf)
European Journal of Human Genetics, 14:963-970, 2006.
Kayser et al.
Reduced Y-Chromosome, but Not Mitochondrial DNA, Diversity in Human Populations from West New
Guinea. American Journal of Human Genetics, 72:281-302, 2003.
Kivisild et al,
The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists in Both Indian Tribal and Caste
Populations. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 72:313-332, 2003.
McEvoy et al,
Y-chromosomes and the Extent of Patrilineal Ancestry in Irish Surnames (abstract)
Human Genetics 2006 Jan 12;:1-8 (Epub ahead of print).
Mohyuddin et al,
Detection of Novel Y SNPs Provides Further Insights into Y Chromosomal Variation in Pakistan.
Journal of Human Genetics, 2006.
Moore et al,
A Y-chromosome Signature of Hegemony in Gaelic Ireland. American Journal of Human Genetics, 78(2):334-338, 2006.
.
Myres et al, (2007),
Y-chromosome Short Tandem Repeat DYS458.2 Non-concensus Alleles Occur Independently in Both Binary
Haplogroups J1-M267 and R1b3-M405. Croatian Medical Journal, 48, 2007.
Nasidze et al,
MtDNA and Y-chromosome Variation in Kurdish Groups. (abstract) Annals of Human Genetics,
69:401-412, 2005.
Regueiro et al,
Iran: Tricontinental Nexus for Y-Chromosome Driven Migration. (abstract)
Human Heredity, Vol. 61, No 3, 132-143, 2006.
Repping et al,
High Mutation Rates Have Driven Extensive Structural Polymorphism among Human Y Chromosomes. (pdf)
National Genetics, 38: 463-467, 2006.
Semino et al,
The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo Sapiens Sapiens in Extant Europeans. (pdf)
Science, V290:1155-1159, 2000.
Semino et al,
Ethiopians and Khoisan Share the Deepest Clades of the Human Y-Chromosome Phylogeny. (pdf)
American Journal of Human Genetics, 70:265-268, 2002.
Sengupta et al,
Polarity and Temporality of High Resolution Y-chromosome Distributions in India
Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence
of Central Asian Pastoralists. (available by subscription)
American Journal of Human Genetics, 78:202-221, 2006.
Shen et al,
Reconstruction
of Patrilineages and Matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli Populations from Y-Chromosome
and Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation. (pdf) Human Mutation, 24:248-260, 2004.
Sims et al,
Sub-Populations Within the Major European and African Derived Haplogroups R1b3 and
E3a Are Differentiated by Previously Phylogenetically Undefined Y-SNPs.
Human Mutation: Mutation in Brief #940, Online, 2007.
Su et al,
Y-chromosome Evidence for a Northward Migration of Modern Humans into Eastern Asia
during the Last Ice Age. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 65:1718-1724, 1999.
Underhill et al,
Separating the Post-Glacial Coancestry of European and Asian Y Chromosomes within Haplogroup R1a.
(abstract) European Journal of Human Genetics, 1-6, 2009.
Valone et al,
Y SNP Typing of African-American and Caucasian Samples Using Allele-Specific
Hybridization and Primer Extension. (pdf) Journal of Forensic Science, 49:4, July 2004.
Wells et al,
The Eurasian Heartland: A Continental Perspective on Y-chromosome Diversity.
PNAS, Vol. 98; 18:10244-10249, 2001.
Additional Resources:
Dan Draghici, YDNA
Haplogroup R1b-U106/S21+ Research Group
David Faux, U152+/S28+ Data
Charles Kerchner, R1b and Subclades
YDNA Haplogroup Project
John McEwan, Dal Riadic Migration
Y Chromosome DNA Genealogy Page
Cyndi Rutledge, R1a and Subclades
YDNA Haplogroup Project
Sean Silver, The Jewish R1b Project
Richard Stevens, R-P312 and Subclades Project.
David Wilson,
R-M222 Haplogroup Project (Niall of the 9 Hostages, Ui Neill Clan)
Dennis Wright, The Irish Type III Website (L226) (Dalcassian Clans)
Corrections/Additions made since 1 January 2010:
Contact person for Haplogroup R: Vincent Vizachero.
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