LINKS: Main Page Y-DNA Tree Trunk SNP Index Papers/Presentations Cited Glossary Listing Criteria |
CLADE/SUBCLADE SYMBOLS: Added Redefined |
SNP SYMBOLS: Not on 2012 tree Confirmed within subclade Provisional Private Investigation |
E L339, L504/PF1803,
L507/PF1874, L511, L537/PF1507,
L614/PF1898/YSC0000032, L856,
M40/SRY4064/SRY8299,
M96/PF1823, P29/PF1643,
P150/PF1704, P152/PF1646, P154,
P155/PF1687, P156, P162/PF1496, P168, P169/Page54,
P170/PF1656, P171/PF1903,
P172/PF1510, P173, P174, P175, P176/PF1678
�
E* -
�
E1 P147/PF1938
� �
E1* -
� �
E1a CTS2808/L633, M33, M132
� �
�
E1a* -
� �
�
E1a1 M44
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�
E1a2 P110
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�
E1a3 L94
� �
�
E1a4 L133/Page74
� � ;
E1b P177/PF1939
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E1b* -
� �
�
E1b1 DYS391p,
P2/PF1940/PN2, P178, P179, P180/PF1941, P181
� �
� �
E1b1* -
� �
� �
E1b1a L222.1, TSC0077541/V38, V100
� �
� �
�
E1b1a* -
� �
� �
�
E1b1a1 CTS3105, CTS3989, CTS4350, CTS4415, CTS5539, CTS6474,
CTS7095,
CTS7641, CTS8068, CTS8123, CTS8443/TSC0769719, CTS8936,
CTS9188, CTS9338, CTS10066, CTS10638, CTS10806,
CTS11461/KHS1479188, CTS11579, CTS11729, DYS271/M2/SY81,
L488, L491, L494, L608, L610, M291, P1/PN1, P46, P189, P293,
PAGES00106, TSC0424987, V43, V95, Z1101, Z1107, Z1116, Z1120,
Z1122, Z1123, Z1124, Z1125, Z1127, Z1130, Z1133, Z1135
� �
� �
� �
E1b1a1* -
� �
� �
� �
E1b1a1a L576/TSC0860384
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1a1a* -
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1a1a1 CTS1847, CTS3576, CTS10914, CTS10659,
CTS11732/KHS1381212, CTS12659, L86.1, M180/P88, P182,
Page66, Z1111, Z1132
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1a1a1* -
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1a1a1a M58, Page27
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1a1a1b M116.2
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1a1a1c M149
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1a1a1d M155
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1a1a1e M10, M66, M156, M195
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1a1a1f L485
� �
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1a1a1f* -
� �
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1a1a1f1 L514
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1a1a1f1* -
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1a1a1f1a M191/P86, U186, P253/U247,
TSC1640819/Z1712.1
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1a1a1f1a* -
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1a1a1f1a1 P252/U174
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1a1a1f1a1* -
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1a1a1f1a1a P9.2
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1a1a1f1a1b P115
� �
� �
� �
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E1b1a1a1f1a1c P116
� �
� �
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� �
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E1b1a1a1f1a1c* -
� �
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� �
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� �
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E1b1a1a1f1a1c1 P113
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1a1a1f1a1d CTS8030/Z1704
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1a1a1f1b L515, L516,
L517, M263.2
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1a1a1f1b* -
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1a1a1f1b1 Z1893
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1a1a1g U175
� �
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1a1a1g* -
� �
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1a1a1g1 P277, P278.1, U209
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1a1a1g1* -
� �
� �
� �
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� �
E1b1a1a1g1a U290
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1a1a1g1a* -
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
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E1b1a1a1g1a1 U181
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1a1a1g1a1* -
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1a1a1g1a1a L97
� �
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� �
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E1b1a1a1g1a2 Z1725
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� �
� �
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� �
E1b1a1a1g1b P59
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1a1a1g1c M154
� �
� �
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E1b1a1a1g1d V39
� �
� �
� �
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E1b1a1a1h P268, P269
� �
� �
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E1b1a2 M329
� �
� �
E1b1b M215/Page40/PF1942
� �
� �
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E1b1b* -
� �
� �
�
E1b1b1 M35.1
� �
� �
� �
E1b1b1* -
� �
� �
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E1b1b1a V68
� �
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� �
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E1b1b1a* -
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E1b1b1a1 L18, M78/PF2186
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E1b1b1a1* -
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E1b1b1a1a Z1902
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E1b1b1a1a* -
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E1b1b1a1a1 V12/Z1216
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E1b1b1a1a1* -
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1b1a1a1a M224
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1b1a1a1b V32
� �
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� �
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E1b1b1a1a2 PF2272/V65
� �
� �
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E1b1b1a1b Z1919, Z1920
� �
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E1b1b1a1b* -
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E1b1b1a1b1 L618
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E1b1b1a1b1* -
� �
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E1b1b1a1b1a L142.1, L542/PF2220,
PF2211/V13, PF2210/V36,
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E1b1b1a1b1a* -
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E1b1b1a1b1a1 V27
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E1b1b1a1b1a2 P65_1, P65_2, P65_3
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E1b1b1a1b1a3 L17
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E1b1b1a1b1a4 DYS643-null/L143
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E1b1b1a1b1a5 M35.2
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E1b1b1a1b1a6 L241
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E1b1b1a1b1a7 L250,
L251, L252
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E1b1b1a1b1a8 L540
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E1b1b1a1b2 CTS9547/L677, V22
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E1b1b1a1b2* -
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E1b1b1a1b2a M148
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E1b1b1a1b2b V19
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E1b1b1a1b2c L674, L675
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E1b1b1a1c M521
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E1b1b1b CTS1243/Z827
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E1b1b1b* -
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� �
� �
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E1b1b1b1 L19/V257, L335/PF2300,
M310/PF2402
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� �
� �
E1b1b1b1* -
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1b1b1a M81/PF2554
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� �
� �
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E1b1b1b1a* -
� �
� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1b1b1a1 M107
� �
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E1b1b1b1a2 M183/Page33
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� �
� �
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E1b1b1b1a2* -
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E1b1b1b1a2a
M165
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E1b1b1b2 Z830
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E1b1b1b2* -
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E1b1b1b2a M123/PF2023
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E1b1b1b2a* -
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E1b1b1b2a1 M34/PF2022
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E1b1b1b2a1* -
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1b1b2a1a M84, L29/Page47
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� �
� �
� �
�
E1b1b1b2a1a* -
� �
� �
� �
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E1b1b1b2a1a1 M136
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� �
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E1b1b1b2a1b M290
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� �
� �
� �
� �
E1b1b1b2a1c V23
(V23 relationship to M84 and M290 uncertain)
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� �
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E1b1b1b2a1d L791, L792
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E1b1b1b2b M293
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� �
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E1b1b1b2b* -
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E1b1b1b2b1 P72
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E1b1b1b2c V42
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E1b1b1c V6
� �
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� �
E1b1b1d V92
� �
� �
�
E1b1b2 M281,
V16
� �
�
E1b2 P75
�
E2 M75, P68
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E2* -
� �
E2a M41/P210
� �
E2b M54, M90, M98
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�
E2b* -
� �
�
E2b1 M85
� �
� �
E2b1* -
� �
� �
E2b1a M200
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� �
�
E2b1a* -
� �
� �
�
E2b1a1 P45
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� �
�
E2b1a2 P258
Private SNPs are being removed from the tree and placed in the following category:
Private SNPs - After having been investigated, these SNPs have not met the population distribution
criteria for placement on the tree. Either too few confirmed positive testers have been found OR multiple
confirmed testers were confined to either a single surname or to a small group of related males.
SNPs under Investigation - Additional testing is needed to confirm adequate positive samples and/or correct placement on the tree.
NOTES:
Y-DNA haplogroup E would appear to have arisen in northern hemisphere of Africa based on the concentration and variety of E subclades in that area today. E1b1 is by far the lineage of greatest geographical distribution. It has two major sub-lineages, E1b1a and E1b1b. E1b1a is a lineage that originated and expanded from West or Central Africa to Eastern Africa and Southern Africa. E1b1b probably evolved either in Northeast Africa or the Near East and then expanded to the west--both north and south of the Mediterranean Sea. E1b1b1 clusters are seen today in Western Europe, Southeast Europe, the Near East, Northeast Africa and Northwest Africa. E2 is possibly of Central African origin and is spread in low frequencies across the continent. The Cruciani articles (references and links below) are indispensable resources for understanding the structure of this complicated haplogroup, but note that the Cruciani haplogroup labels are now superseded because of the recently discovered new SNPS that lie closer to the root of the E branch of the Y-haplogroup Tree.
A caution on clade labels: Because knowledge of this branch of the Y-chromosome tree has advanced so quickly in the last few years, different clade labels can be found in current use for the same SNP-determined branch of the tree. For example, it is still common to see E3b1 and E3b2 used to distinguish between the M78 and M81 branches of the tree though greater resolution is now possible.
References:
Adams et al,
The
Genetic Legacy of Religious Diversity and Intolerance: Paternal Lineages of
Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula, American Journal of
Human Genetics, 83(6): 725-36, 2008.
Alonso et al,
The Place of the Basques in the European
Y-chromosome Diversity Landscape. (available by subscription) European Journal of
Human Genetics, 13:1293-1302, 2005.
Battaglia et al,
Y-chromosomal Evidence
of the Cultural Diffusion of Agriculture in Southeast Europe European Journal of Human Genetics, 249. 2008.
Behar et al,
Contrasting Patterns of Y Chromosome Variation in Ashkenazi Jewish and Host
Non-Jewish European Populations. (pdf) Hum Genet 114:354-365, 2004.
Bortolini et al,
Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas.
American Journal of Human Genetics, 73:524�539, (2003).
Bosch et al,
Paternal and Maternal Lineages in the Balkans Show a Homogeneous Landscape over Linguistis Barriers
except for the Isolated Aromuns.
Annals of Human Genetics, 70:459-87, (2006).
Capelli et al,
Population Structure in the Mediterranean Basin: A Y Chromosome Perspective. (pdf)
Annals of Human Genetics, 2005.
Cadenas et al,
Y-chromosome Diversity Characterizes the Gulf of Oman.
European Journal of Human Genetics, 16:374-386, 2008.
Cinnioglu et al,
Excavating Y-chromosome Haplotype Strata in Anatolia. (pdf) Human Genetics. 114:127-148, 2004.
Cruciani et al,
A Back Migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa is Supported by High-Resolution Analysis of
Human Y-Chromosome Haplotypes. American Journal of Human Genetics, 70:1197-1214, 2002.
Cruciani et al, Phylogeographic Analysis
of Haplogroup E3b (E-M215) Y Chromosomes Reveals
Multiple Migratory Events Within and Out of Africa. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics,
74:1014-1022, 2004.
Cruciani et al,
Molecular Dissection of the
Y Chromosome Haplogroup E-M78 (E3b1a): A Posteriori Evaluation of a
Microsatellite-Networked-Based Approach Through Six New Biallelic Markers. (pdf)
Human Mutation: Mutation in Brief #916, 2006.
Cruciani et al,
Tracing Past Human Male
Movements in Northern/Eastern Africa and Western Eurasia: New Clues from Y-Chromosomal
Haplogroups E-M78 and J-M12. (pdf) Molecular Biology and Evolution 24(6):1300-1311, 2007.
Cruciani et al, Recurrent Mutation in SNPs
within Y chromosome E3b (E-M215) Haplogroup: A Rebuttal. (abstract) American Journal of Human Biolology. Sep-Oct;20(5):614-6, 2008.
Deng et al, Evolution
and Migration History of the Chinese Population Inferred from the Chinese Y-chromosome Evidence.
(pdf) Journal of Human Genetics, 49:339-348, 2004.
El Sibai et al,
Geographical
Structure of the Y-Chromosomal Genetic Landscape of the Levant: A Coastal Inland
Contrast, Annals of Human Genetics, 73:568-81, 2009. (abstract)
Firasat et al,
Y-chromosomal Evidence for a Limited Greek Contribution to the Pathan Population of Pakistan,
European Journal Human Genetics, 15:121+126, 2007.
Flores et al,
Reduced Genetic Structure of the Iberian Peninsula Revealed by Y-chromosome
Analysis: Implications for Population Demography. (pdf)
European Journal of Human Genetics,
12:855-863, 2004.
Francalacci et al,
Low-Pass DNA Sequencing of 1200 Sardinians Reconstructs European Y-Chromosome Phylogeny.
Science: Vol. 341 no. 6145, pp. 565-569, DOI: 10.1126/science.1237947, 2 August 2013.
Gomes et al,
Digging Deeper into East African Human Y Chromosone Lineages, Human Genetics, 127(5):603-13, 2010.
Henn et al,
Y-chromosomal Evidence of a Pastoralist Migration
through Tanzania to Southern Africa. PNAS, vol. 105 no. 31 10693-10698, 2008.
Karafet et al,
New Binary Polymorphisms Reshape and Increase Resolution of the Human Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup
Tree. Abstract. Genome Research, published online April 2, 2008.
Supplementary Material.
King et al,
The
Coming of the Greeks to Provence and Corsica: Y-Chromosome Models of Archaic
Greek Colonization of the Western Mediterranean, BMC Evolutionary Biology, 11: 69, 2011.
King et al,
Differential Y-chromosome Anatolian Influences on the Greek and Cretan Neolithic. (abstract)
Annals of Human Genetics. 72:205�214. 2008.
Nasidze et al,
MtDNA and Y-chromosome Variation in Kurdish Groups. (abstract) Annals of Human Genetics,
69:401-412, 2005.
Regueiro et al,
Iran: Tricontinental Nexus for Y-Chromosome Driven Migration. (abstract)
Human Heredity, Vol. 61, No 3, 132-143, 2006.
Repping et al,
High mutation rates have driven extensive structural polymorphism among human Y chromosomes.
Nature Genetics 38, 463 - 467, 2006.
Rozen et al,
Remarkably Little Variation in Proteins Encoded by the Y Chromosome's Single-Copy Genes, Implying Effective
Purifying Selection. American Journal of Human Genetics. 2009 December 11; 85(6): 923-928.
Schuster et al,
Complete Khoisan and Bantu Genomes from Southern Africa. (abstract)
Nature 463, 943-947, 18 February 2010.
Semino et al,
Ethiopians and Khoisan Share the Deepest Clades of the Human Y-Chromosome Phylogeny. (pdf)
American Journal of Human Genetics, 70:265-268, 2002.
Semino et al,
Origin, Diffusion, and Differentiation of Y-Chromosome Haplogroups E and J: Inferences on the
Neolithization of Europe and Later Migratory Events in the Mediterranean Area. (pdf)
American Journal of Human Genetics, 74:1023-1034, 2004.
Sengupta et al,
Polarity and Temporality of High Resolution Y-chromosome Distributions in India
Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence
of Central Asian Pastoralists. (pdf)
American Journal of Human Genetics, 78:202-221, 2006.
Shen et al, Reconstruction
of Patrilineages and Matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli Populations from Y-Chromosome
and Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation. (pdf) Human Mutation, 24:248-260, 2004.
Sims et al,
Sub-Populations Within the Major European and African Derived Haplogroups R1b3 and
E3a Are Differentiated by Previously Phylogenetically Undefined Y-SNPs.
Human Mutation: Mutation in Brief #940, Online, 2007.
Trombetta et al,
A New Topology of the Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup E1b1 (E-P2) Revealed through the Use of Newly
Characterized Binary Polymorphisms. PLoS ONE 6(1), Online, 2011.
Valone et al,
Y SNP Typing of African-American and Caucasian Samples Using Allele-Specific
Hybridization and Primer Extension. (pdf) Journal of Forensic Science, 49:4, July 2004.
Zhao et al,
Presence of Three Different Paternal Lineages among North Indians: A Study of 560 Y Chromosomes. (abstract)
Annals of Human Biology, 36(1):46-59, 2009.
Additional Resources:
ISOGG Wiki - What you need to know about Genetic Genealogy.
E1a - (M33, M132) Project.
Haplogroup E1b1a (E1b1a1-M2), Roberta Estes.
The African DNA Project (E1b1a),
Dr. Ana Oquendo Pabon.
Arabian E Y-DNA Project (E1b1).
E-M35 Project
(formerly the E3b Project) (E1b1b1), Bill Harvey, Denis Savard, Victor Villarreal.
E-M35 Project -
New SNP Tracker.
The
E-M35 Phylogeny Project, Victor Villareal.
Double
Helix Forums, E-M35 community.
Corrections/Additions made since 1 January 2013:
Contact Person for Haplogroup E: Aaron R. Brown.
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