Y-DNA Haplogroup D and its Subclades - 2015

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Version History     Last revision date for this specific page: 28 November 2015

Because of continuing research, the structure of the Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree changes and ISOGG does its best to keep the tree updated with the latest developments in the field. The viewer may observe other versions of the tree on the Web. Email Ray H. Banks if the differences need clarification or if you find any broken links on this page.

LINKS:  Main Page   Y-DNA Tree Trunk   SNP Index   Papers/Presentations Cited   Glossary   Listing Criteria
CLADE/SUBCLADE SYMBOLS:  Added  Redefined 
SNP SYMBOLS:  Not on 2014 tree  Confirmed within subclade  Provisional  Private  Investigation 

The criteria for a representative SNP printed in bold for a subclade is: traditional usage, testing one in multiple labs, and/or being found in the area of the chromosome used in recent research studies.

SNPs listed below in italics (colored black or red) are quality variants from next-generation sequencing reports consistently showing as representing that subgroup.

Paragroups, subclades ending with an asterisk (*) indicate that some individuals do not test positive for any snps downstream. Since this fact is commonly known, paragroups are being omitted to simplify the display of SNPs.

Contact Person for Haplogroup D: Ray H. Banks

Link to Experimental Composite Y-DNA Haplogroup D Tree by Ray Banks.

D   M174/Page30, CTS94, CTS1014.2, CTS1171, CTS1582, CTS7660, CTS8880/Z1613, F975, F1034, F1066, F1137/Z1591, F1278, F1306, F1344, F1379, F1439, F1447, F1533, F1612, F1620.1, F1690, F1927, F2062, F2147/Z1608, F2161/Z1610, F2318, F2325, F2455, F2510, F2662/Z1612, F2765, F2923, F2956, F3289, F3321, F3328/Z1620, F3370, F3519, F3572, F3666, F3707, F3835, F3845/Z1588, F3920, F4030, IMS-JST021355
D1   CTS11577
• • D1a   Z27276, Z27283, Z29263
• • • D1a1   M15
• • • • D1a1a   N1
• • • D1a2   P99
• • • • D1a2a   P47
• • • •  D1a2a1   M533
• • D1b   M64.1/Page44.1, M55, M57, M179/Page31, M359.1/P41.1, P37.1, P190, 12f2.2
• • • D1b1   M116.1
• • • • D1b1a   M125
• • • •  D1b1a1   P42
• • • •  D1b1a1a   P12_1, P12_2, P12_3
• • • •  D1b1a2   IMS-JST022457, CTS107/IMS-JST055457
• • • •  D1b1a2a   P53.2
• • • •  D1b1a2b   IMS-JST006841/Page3
• • • •  • • D1b1a2b1   CTS3397, CTS1982/Z1498, CTS3197, CTS4606/Z1499, Z3611, Z3642, Z3643
• • • •  • • • D1b1a2b1a   Z1500, CTS8181, CTS9242/Z1502, CTS10268, CTS10511/Z1503, Z1501, Z3603, Z3605, Z3607, Z3610, Z3617, Z3636, Z3651, Z14780, Z14781
• • • •  • • • • D1b1a2b1a1   Z1504, CTS1434, CTS8093, Z14779
• • • •  • • • •  D1b1a2b1a1a   CTS5406, Z14778
• • • •  • • • •  D1b1a2b1a1a1   FGC6373
• • • • D1b1b   M151
• • • • D1b1c   P120
• • • • D1b1d   CTS6609
• • • •  D1b1d1   CTS1897/Z1574, CTS504/Z1569, CTS741, CTS906/Z1570, CTS2296, CTS2798, CTS3097/Z1575, CTS3906, CTS4219, CTS4305, CTS4517, CTS6090, CTS7590/Z1576, CTS8368, CTS8666, CTS10807, Z1568, Z1571, Z1572, Z1573, Z1578, Z1579, Z3838, Z3840, Z3844, Z3851, Z14867, Z14868, Z14869, Z14870, Z14871, Z14872, Z14873, Z14874, Z14875, Z14876, Z14877, Z14878, Z14879, Z14880
• • • •  D1b1d1a   CTS218/Z1527, CTS321/Z1528, CTS356/Z1532, CTS621, CTS1228/Z1533, CTS1670/Z1546, CTS2078/Z1547, CTS2378/Z1548, CTS2482, CTS3489/Z1549, CTS3636/Z1550, CTS5307, CTS5862/Z1552, CTS6303/Z1553, CTS6392, CTS6499, CTS6572/Z1554, CTS6859, CTS7234/Z1555, CTS7398, CTS7543, CTS7615/Z1556, CTS7999/Z1557, CTS8230, CTS8960/Z1558, CTS9028, CTS9335, CTS9902, CTS10793/Z1566, CTS11032, CTS11048, CTS11071/Z1567, CTS12720, IMS-JST022456, PF7228, Z1529, Z1530, Z1531, Z1534, Z1535, Z1538, Z1539, Z1540, Z1541, Z1542, Z1560, Z1561, Z1562, Z1563, Z1564, Z1565, Z3834, Z3839, Z3841, Z3843, Z3847, Z3849, Z3850, Z3852, Z3854, Z3855, Z3856, Z14820, Z14821, Z14822, Z14823, Z14824, Z14825, Z14826, Z14827, Z14828, Z14829, Z14830, Z14831, Z14832, Z14833, Z14834, Z14835, Z14836, Z14837, Z14838, Z14839, Z14840, Z14841, Z14842, Z14843, Z14844, Z14845, Z14846, Z14847, Z14848, Z14849, Z14850, Z14851, Z14852, Z14853, Z14854, Z14855, Z14856, Z14857, Z14858, Z14859, Z14860, Z14861, Z14862, Z14863, Z14864, Z14865, Z14866
• • • •  • • D1b1d1a1   CTS4617
• • • •  • • • D1b1d1a1a   CTS6909, CTS1614/Z1545, Z14802, Z14804, Z14805, Z14806, Z14807, Z14809, Z14810, Z14811, Z14812, Z14814, Z14818
• • • •  D1b1d1b   CTS1964, CTS6511, M6525, Z14881, Z14882, Z14883, Z14884, Z14885, Z14886, Z14887, Z14888
• • • D1b2   CTS583/Z1516, CTS131, CTS881/Z1517, CTS1352, CTS1592, CTS2098/Z1520, CTS2712, CTS2820, CTS3798, CTS3808, CTS3879, CTS4645/Z1521, CTS6144/Z1522, CTS6908, CTS7457, CTS7467, CTS8057/Z1523, CTS8075, CTS8327, CTS8635, CTS9143, CTS11368, Z1515, Z1518, Z1519, Z1524, Z1526, Z3801, Z3810, Z3811, Z3822, Z3823, Z3824, Z3827, Z3832, Z3833, Z14793, Z14794, Z14795, Z14796, Z14797, Z14798, Z14799, Z14800, Z17170, Z17171
• • • • D1b2a   CTS220, CTS709, CTS1333, CTS1439/Z1505, CTS2259, CTS2940, CTS3320/Z1508, CTS4158/Z1509, CTS5302, CTS5941, CTS6287/Z1510, CTS6342/Z1511, CTS10054, CTS10126, CTS11474, CTS11619, L495.2/Z2788.2, Z1506, Z1507, Z1514, Z3807, Z3814, Z3819, Z14782, Z14783, Z14784, Z14785, Z14786, Z14787, Z14788, Z14789, Z14790, Z14791, Z14792, Z17172, Z17174, Z17175
• • • •  D1b2a1   CTS10495, Z17173, Z17176
• • • •  D1b2a2   CTS11285, Z17254, Z17255, Z17256, Z17257, Z17258
D2   L1366, L1378, M226.2

Private SNPs are being removed from the tree and placed in the following category:
Private SNPs - After having been investigated, these SNPs have not met the population distribution criteria for placement on the tree. Either too few confirmed positive testers have been found OR multiple confirmed testers were confined to either a single surname or to a small group of related males.

SNPs under Investigation - Additional testing is needed to confirm adequate positive samples and/or correct placement on the tree.

NOTES:

Y-DNA haplogroup D is seen primarily in Central Asia, Southeast Asia, and in Japan and was established approximately 50,000 years ago. Subgroup D-M15 is seen in Tibet, Mongolia, Central Asia, and Southeast Asia, and the subgroup D-P47 is seen in Central Asia. The subgroup D-M55 is seen almost exclusively in Japan. The high frequency of haplogroup D in Tibet (about 50%) and in Japan (about 35%) implies some early migratory connection between these areas. Examination of the genetic diversity seen in subgroup D-M55 in Japan implies that this group has been isolated in Japan for between 12,000-20,000 years. The highest frequencies of D-M55 in Japan are seen among the Ainu and the Ryukyuans. Subgroup D-L1366 is so far noted only in the Philippines.

References:

Cristofaro et al, Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge. PLoS ONE 8(10): e76748. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076748, 2013.
Cruciani et al, A Back Migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa Is Supported by High-Resolution Analysis of Human Y-Chromosome Haplotypes. American Journal of Human Genetics, 70:1197-1214, 2002.
Cruciani et al, Phylogeographic Analysis of Haplogroup E3b (E-M215) Y Chromosomes Reveals Multiple Migratory Events Within and Out of Africa. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 74:1014-1022, 2004.
Deng et al, Evolution and Migration History of the Chinese Population Inferred from the Chinese Y-chromosome Evidence. (pdf) Journal of Human Genetics, 49:339-348, 2004.
Ewis et al, Two Y-chromosome-specific polymorphisms 12f2 and DFFRY in the Japanese population and their relations to other Y-polymorphisms, The Journal of Medical Investigation, 49(1-2):44-50, 2001.
Gayden et al, The Himalayas as a Directional Barrier to Gene Flow. American Journal of Human Genetics, 80(5):884-894, 2007.
Hammer et al, Dual Origins of the Japanese: Common Ground for Hunter-gatherer and Farmer Y Chromosomes. (abstract) Journal of Human Genetics, 51:47-58, 2006.
Karafet et al, New Binary Polymorphisms Reshape and Increase Resolution of the Human Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup Tree. Abstract. Genome Research, published online April 2, 2008. Supplementary Material.
Karafet et al, Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns, and Microevolutionary Processes. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 69:615-628, 2001.
Karmin et al, A Recent Bottleneck of Y chromosome Diversity Coincides with a Global Change in Culture. Genome Research, doi: 10.1101/gr.186684.114, published online March 13, 2015.
Li et al, Paternal Genetic Affinity between Western Austronesians and Daic Populations BMC Evolutionary Biology, Vo. 15(8), p. 146, 2008.
Naitoh S, et al, Assignment of Y-chromosomal SNPs Found in Japanese Population to Y-chromosomal Haplogroup tree. Journal of Human Genetics, 2013 Feb 7. doi: 10.1038/jhg.2012.159, 2013.
Nonaka et al, Y Chromosomal Binary Haplogroups in the Japanese Population and their Relationship to 16 Y-STR Polymorphisms. (abstract) Annals of Human Genetics, 71:480-495, 2007.
Rozen et al, Remarkably Little Variation in Proteins Encoded by the Y Chromosome's Single-Copy Genes, Implying Effective Purifying Selection. American Journal of Human Genetics. 2009 December 11; 85(6): 923-928.
Sengupta et al, Polarity and Temporality of High Resolution Y-chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 78:202-221, 2006.
Shi et al, Y-Chromosome Evidence of Earliest Modern Human Settlement in East Asia and Multiple Origins of Tibetan and Japanese Populations. (abstract) BMC Biology 2008, 6:45, 2008.
Su et al, Y-chromosome Evidence for a Northward Migration of Modern Humans into Eastern Asia during the Last Ice Age, (pdf), American Journal of Human Genetics, 65:1718-1724, 1999.
Thangaraj et al, Genetic Affinities of the Andaman Islanders, a Vanishing Human Population. (pdf) Current Biology, 13:86-93, 2003.
Xue et al, A Spatial Analysis of Genetic Structure of Human Populations in China Reveals Distinct Difference between Maternal and Paternal Lineages. European Journal of Human Genetics, 16:705-17, 2008.

Additional Resources:
ISOGG Wiki - What you need to know about Genetic Genealogy.
D Haplogroup (YDNA) Project, Ray Banks.

Corrections/Additions made since 1 January 2015:

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