Y-DNA Haplogroup I and its Subclades - 2014
The entire work is identified by the Version Number and date given on the
Main Page. Directions for citing the document are given at
the bottom of the Main Page.
Version History Last
revision date for this specific page: 17 November 2014
Because of continuing research, the structure of the Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree changes and ISOGG
does its best to keep the tree updated with the latest developments
in the field. The viewer may observe other versions of the tree on the Web. Email
Alice Fairhurst if the differences need
clarification or if you find any broken links on this page.
The criteria for a representative SNP printed in bold for a subclade is: traditional usage, testing one
in multiple labs, and/or being found in the area of the chromosome used in recent research studies.
SNPs listed below in italics (colored black or red) are quality variants from next-generation sequencing reports consistently
showing as representing that subgroup.
Contact People for Haplogroup I:
Overall I Contact: Phil Goff
I1 and Subclades Contact: Steve Trangsrud
I2a1 P37.2 and Subclades Contact: Zdenko Markovic
I2a2 P217 and Subclades Contact: Aaron Salles Torres
I2b L415 and I2c L596 Subclades Contact: Bob May
I M170/PF3715,
CTS48/PF3569, CTS70/PF3570, CTS88/PF3571, CTS646/PF3629, CTS674/FI1/PF3630, CTS772/PF3631, CTS1006, CTS1301/PF3635,
CTS1555/PF3696, CTS1800/PF3699, CTS2193/PF3703, CTS2387/PF3705, CTS2514/PF3706, CTS2536/PF3707, CTS3076/PF3712,
CTS3383/PF3716, CTS3384/PF3717, CTS3517/PF3719, CTS3641/PF3722, CTS4077/PF3725, CTS4088/PF3868, CTS4209/PF3726,
CTS4239/PF3727, CTS4272/PF3728, CTS4273/PF3729, CTS4340/PF3730, CTS4637, CTS4664, CTS4745/PF3734, CTS4752/PF3735,
CTS4848/FI7/PF3736, CTS4982/PF3737, CTS5016/PF3738, CTS5150/PF3739, CTS5263, CTS5622/PF3743, CTS5650/PF3744,
CTS5764/PF3746, CTS5908/PF3747, CTS5946/PF3748, CTS6231/PF3750, CTS6265/PF3871, CTS6271/PF3751, CTS6334/PF3752,
CTS6343/PF3753, CTS6344/PF3754, CTS6497/PF3756, CTS6751/PF3757, CTS7026/PF3758, CTS7329, CTS7469, CTS7502/PF3760,
CTS7540/PF3761, CTS7593/PF3763, CTS7831/PF3766, CTS8064/PF3768, CTS8257, CTS8300/PF3770, CTS8333/PF3771,
CTS8345/PF3772, CTS8420/PF3773, CTS8545/PF3775, CTS8742/PF3776, CTS8876/PF3778, CTS8963, CTS9264/PF3782,
CTS9269/PF3783, CTS9484/PF3785, CTS9618/PF3786, CTS9838/PF3788, CTS9860/PF3790, CTS10058, CTS10941/PF3838,
CTS11369/PF3840, CTS11441, CTS11540/PF3842, CTS11779/PF3844, CTS11979/PF3878, FI2/YSC0000281,
FI3/L756/PF3662/YSC0000284, FI4/PF3668,
FGC2411/Y1877, FGC2412/Y1909, FGC2413/Y1869, FGC2414/Y1903,
FGC2415/Y1880, FGC2416/S10441/Y1865, FGC2417, FGC2418/Y1841, FGC2419, FGC2420/Y1907, FGC2421/Y1931, FGC2424,
FGC2443/Y1834, FCG2447, FGC2453, FGC2456, FGC2458/Y1942, FGC2467, FGC3436, FGC7049, FGC7050,
L41/PF3787, L503, L578/PF3653, L751/PF3779/YSC0000291, L755/PF3659/YSC0000283,
L758/PF3663/YSC0000285, L772/PF3731/YSC0000263, L844/PF3572/YSC0000275, L846/PF3646/YSC0000280, L847/PF3841/YSC0000298,
L1197/PF3718/YSC0000260, M258/PF3721, M1460/PF3816,
M11064/PF3634, P19_1, P19_2, P19_3, P19_4, P19_5, P38, P212/PF3580,
PF3742/U179, PF3574, PF3575, PF3578, PF3585, PF3586, PF3588, PF3589, PF3590, PF3592, PF3594,
PF3596, PF3599, PF3600, PF3601, PF3602, PF3603, PF3604, PF3605, PF3611, PF3612, PF3616, PF3617, PF3618, PF3620,
PF3622, PF3625, PF3627.2/V218.2, PF3639, PF3640, PF3641, PF3642, PF3645, PF3649, PF3654, PF3660, PF3661, PF3665,
PF3666, PF3670, PF3672, PF3675, PF3677, PF3685, PF3687, PF3689, PF3694, PF3695, PF3742/U179, PF3759/YSC0000267,
PF3780, PF3794, PF3795, PF3796, PF3797, PF3799, PF3800, PF3803, PF3804, PF3806, PF3807, PF3809, PF3811, PF3813,
PF3814, PF3815, PF3817, PF3819, PF3822, PF3828, PF3829, PF3833, PF3836, PF3837, PF3847/YSC0000300, PF3864,
Y1847, YSC0000256, YSC0000272,
Z16984, Z16985, Z16986, Z16987
•
I* -
•
I1 M253, CTS5783/S63, CTS11042/S66,
L64, L75, L80, L81, L118, L121/S62, L123, L124/S64, L125/S65,
L157.1, L186, L187, L840, L845/S110/YSC0000278,
M307.2/P203.2, M450/S109, P30, P40, S107, S108, S111/Y1868
• •
I1* -
• •
I1a DF29/S438
• • •
I1a* -
• • •
I1a1 CTS6364/Z2336
• • • •
I1a1* -
• • • •
I1a1a M227
• • • • •
I1a1a* -
• • • • •
I1a1a1 M72
• • • •
I1a1b L22/S142
• • • • •
I1a1b* -
• • • • •
I1a1b1 P109
• • • • •
I1a1b2 L205.1/L939.1/S239.1
• • • • •
I1a1b3 Z74
• • • • •
•
I1a1b3* -
• • • • •
•
I1a1b3a L287/S240
• • • • •
• •
I1a1b3a* -
• • • • •
• •
I1a1b3a1 L258/S335
• • • • •
• • •
I1a2b3a1* -
• • • • •
• • •
I1a1b3a1a L296
• • • • •
•
I1a1b3b L813/S436/Z719
• • • • •
I1a1b4 L300/S241
• • •
I1a2 S244/Z58
• • • •
I1a2* -
• • • •
I1a2a S246/Z59
• • • • •
I1a2a* -
• • • • •
I1a2a1 S337/Z60, S439/Z61, Z62
• • • • •
•
I1a2a1* -
• • • • •
•
I1a2a1a S440/Z140, Z141
• • • • •
• •
I1a2a1a* -
• • • • •
• •
I1a2a1a1 S1953/Z2535
• • • • •
• • •
I1a2a1a1* -
• • • • •
• • •
I1a2a1a1a S1954/YSC0000261
• • • • •
• • • •
I1a2a1a1a* -
• • • • •
• • • •
I1a2a1a1a1 L338/S197
• • • • •
• • •
I1a2a1a1b CTS10937/S4698/Z2538
• • • • •
• •
I1a2a1a2 F2642/S2169
• • • • •
• •
I1a2a1a3 A196
• • • • •
•
I1a2a1b S247/Z73
• • • • •
• •
I1a2a1b* -
• • • • •
• •
I1a2a1b1 L1302
• • • • •
• • •
I1a2a1b1* -
• • • • •
• • •
I1a2a1b1a BY147
• • • • •
• • •
I1a2a1b1b BY126
• • • • •
•
I1a2a1c L573
• • • • •
•
I1a2a1d L1248
• • • • •
• •
I1a2a1d* -
• • • • •
• •
I1a2a1d1 L803
• • • • •
I1a2a2 Z382
• • • •
I1a2b S296/Z138, Z139/S338,
PF2805.2/Z2540.2
• • • • •
I1a2b* -
• • • • •
I1a2b1 Z2541
• • •
I1a3 S243/Z63
• • • •
I1a3* -
• • • •
I1a3a BY151
• • • • •
I1a3a* -
• • • • •
I1a3a1 L849.2
• • • • •
•
I1a3a1* -
• • • • •
•
I1a3a1a S2078
• • • • •
• •
I1a3a1a* -
• • • • •
• •
I1a3a1a1 Y2245.2
• • • • •
• • •
I1a3a1a1* -
• • • • •
• • •
I1a3a1a1a L1237
• • • • •
• • • •
I1a3a1a1a* -
• • • • •
• • • •
I1a3a1a1a1 FGC9550/Y6634
• • • • •
• • •
I1a3a1a1b S10360, S17023,
S26266
• • • • •
• • • •
I1a3a1a1b* -
• • • • •
• • • •
I1a3a1a1b1 S15301
• • • • •
• • • • •
I1a3a1a1b1* -
• • • • •
• • • • •
I1a3a1a1b1a Y6228
• • • • •
• • • • •
•
I1a3a1a1b1a* -
• • • • •
• • • • •
•
I1a3a1a1b1a1 Y6229
• • • • •
• • • • •
I1a3a1a1b1b Y3969
• • • • •
• • •
I1a3a1a1c CTS3848, FGC14479
• • • • •
• •
I1a3a1a2 Y6375, Y6383
• • • • •
I1a3a2 BY11, BY14, S11542
• • • • •
I1a3a3 BY62
• •
I1b S249/Z131
• • •
I1b* -
• • •
I1b1 CTS6397
•
I2 M438/P215/PF3853/S31, L68/PF3781/S329
• •
I2* -
• •
I2a L460/PF3647/S238
• • •
I2a* -
• • •
I2a1 P37.2/PF4004
• • • •
I2a1* -
• • • •
I2a1a CTS595
• • • • •
I2a1a* -
• • • • •
I2a1a1 M26/PF4056, L158/PF4073/S433,
L159.1/S169.1
• • • • •
•
I2a1a1* -
• • • • •
•
I2a1a1a L672/S327
• • • • •
• •
I2a1a1a* -
• • • • •
• •
I2a1a1a1 L160/PF4013/S184
• • • • •
• • •
I2a1a1a1* -
• • • • •
• • •
I2a1a1a1a PF4088/S5312
• • • • •
• • • •
I2a1a1a1a* -
• • • • •
• • • •
I2a1a1a1a1 CTS11338/PF4194
• • • • •
• • • • •
I2a1a1a1a1* -
• • • • •
• • • • •
I2a1a1a1a1a PF4189
• • • • •
• • • • •
I2a1a1a1a1b Z118
• • • • •
• • •
I2a1a1a1b F1295
• • • • •
I2a1a2 S21825
• • • • •
•
I2a1a2* -
• • • • •
•
I2a1a2a L1286
• • • • •
• •
I2a1a2a* -
• • • • •
• •
I2a1a2a1 L1287
• • • • •
• • •
I2a1a2a1* -
• • • • •
• • •
I2a1a2a1a L233/S183
• • • • •
• • • •
I2a1a2a1a* -
• • • • •
• • • •
I2a1a2a1a1 A417
• • • • •
• •
I2a1a2a2 L880
• • • • •
•
I2a1a2b L1294
• • • •
I2a1b M423, CTS176/S2621, CTS1293/S2632,
CTS1802/S2638, CTS5375/S2679, CTS5985/S2687, CTS7218/S2702, CTS8239/S2715, CTS8486/S2722, CTS11030/S2768,
L178/S328
• • • • •
I2a1b* -
• • • • •
I2a1b1 L161.1/S185
• • • • •
•
I2a1b1* -
• • • • •
•
I2a1b1a L1498
• • • • •
•
I2a1b1b PF4135
• • • • •
I2a1b2 L621/S392
• • • • •
•
I2a1b2* -
• • • • •
•
I2a1b2a CTS10936
• • • • •
• •
I2a1b2a* -
• • • • •
• •
I2a1b2a1 CTS5966, CTS10228, L147.2
• • • • •
• • •
I2a1b2a1* -
• • • • •
• • •
I2a1b2a1a S17250/YP204
• • • • •
• • • •
I2a1b2a1a* -
• • • • •
• • • •
I2a1b2a1a1 Z16971
• • • • •
• • • •
I2a1b2a1a2 Y4882
• • • • •
• • • •
I2a1b2a1a3 A356/Z16983
• • • • •
• • •
I2a1b2a1b Y4460
• • • • •
• • • •
I2a1b2a1b* -
• • • • •
• • • •
I2a1b2a1b1 Y3118
• • •
I2a2 M436/P214/PF3856/S33, L35/PF3862/S150,
L37/PF6900/S153, L181, P216/PF3855/S30, P217/PF3854/S23, P218/S32
• • • •
I2a2* -
• • • •
I2a2a M223, L34/PF3857/S151,
L36/S152, L59, L368, L622, P219/PF3859/S24, P220/S119, P221/PF3858/S120, P222/PF3861/U250/S118,
P223/PF3860/S117, Z77
• • • • •
I2a2a* -
• • • • •
I2a2a1 CTS616, CTS9183
• • • • •
•
I2a2a1* -
• • • • •
•
I2a2a1a Y3721
• • • • •
• •
I2a2a1a* -
• • • • •
• •
I2a2a1a1 M284
• • • • •
• • •
I2a2a1a1* -
• • • • •
• • •
I2a2a1a1a L1195
• • • • •
• • • •
I2a2a1a1a* -
• • • • •
• • • •
I2a2a1a1a1 L126/S165, L137/S166, L369
• • • • •
• • • • •
I2a2a1a1a1* -
• • • • •
• • • • •
I2a2a1a1a1a FGC20048/S7753/Y4171
• • • • •
• • • • •
•
I2a2a1a1a1a* -
• • • • •
• • • • •
•
I2a2a1a1a1a1 Y4750
• • • • •
• • • •
I2a2a1a1a2 L1193
• • • • •
• • • • •
I2a2a1a1a2* -
• • • • •
• • • • •
I2a2a1a1a2a CTS4922, Y3684, Y3713
• • • • •
• •
I2a2a1a2 Z2057, Z2083, Z2093
• • • • •
• • •
I2a2a1a2* -
• • • • •
• • •
I2a2a1a2a L1229
• • • • •
• • • •
I2a2a1a2a* -
• • • • •
• • • •
I2a2a1a2a1 Y3681, Z2069
• • • • •
• • • • •
I2a2a1a2a1* -
• • • • •
• • • • •
I2a2a1a2a1a Z2058
• • • • •
• • • • •
•
I2a2a1a2a1a* -
• • • • •
• • • • •
•
I2a2a1a2a1a1 Z2054
• • • • •
• • • • •
• •
I2a2a1a2a1a1* -
• • • • •
• • • • •
• •
I2a2a1a2a1a1a L812/S391
• • • • •
• • • • •
• •
I2a2a1a2a1a1b P53.3
• • • • •
• • • • •
• •
I2a2a1a2a1a1c FGC15106/Y4334, Y4332
• • • • •
• • • •
I2a2a1a2a2 L1230
• • • • •
•
I2a2a1b CTS10057, CTS10100
• • • • •
• •
I2a2a1b* -
• • • • •
• •
I2a2a1b1 L701, L702
• • • • •
• •
I2a2a1b1* -
• • • • •
• • •
I2a2a1b1a P78
• • • • •
• • • •
I2a2a1b1a* -
• • • • •
• • • •
I2a2a1b1a1 S25733
• • • • •
• • • • •
I2a2a1b1a1* -
• • • • •
• • • • •
I2a2a1b1a1a A427
• • • • •
• • • • •
•
I2a2a1b1a1a* -
• • • • •
• • • • •
•
I2a2a1b1a1a1 S23612, Y4884
• • • • •
• • •
I2a2a1b1b L699, L703
• • • • •
• • • •
I2a2a1b1b* -
• • • • •
• • • •
I2a2a1b1b1 L704
• • • • •
• •
I2a2a1b2 Z161
• • • • •
• • •
I2a2a1b2* -
• • • • •
• • •
I2a2a1b2a L801/S390
• • • • •
• • • •
I2a2a1b2a* -
• • • • •
• • • •
I2a2a1b2a1 CTS1977
• • • • •
• • • • •
I2a2a1b2a1* -
• • • • •
• • • • •
I2a2a1b2a1a P95
• • • • •
• • • • •
I2a2a1b2a1b CTS1858
• • • • •
• • • •
I2a2a1b2a2 CTS6433
• • • • •
• • • • •
I2a2a1b2a2* -
• • • • •
• • • • •
I2a2a1b2a2a S2364
• • • • •
• • • • •
•
I2a2a1b2a2a* -
• • • • •
• • • • •
•
I2a2a1b2a2a1 Z78
• • • • •
• • • • •
• •
I2a2a1b2a2a1* -
• • • • •
• • • • •
• •
I2a2a1b2a2a1a Z185
• • • • •
• • • • •
• • •
I2a2a1b2a2a1a* -
• • • • •
• • • • •
• • •
I2a2a1b2a2a1a1 Z180
• • • • •
• • • • •
• • • •
I2a2a1b2a2a1a1* -
• • • • •
• • • • •
• • • •
I2a2a1b2a2a1a1a L1198
• • • • •
• • • • •
• • • • •
I2a2a1b2a2a1a1a* -
• • • • •
• • • • •
• • • • •
I2a2a1b2a2a1a1a1 Z190
• • • • •
• • • • •
• • • • •
•
I2a2a1b2a2a1a1a1* -
• • • • •
• • • • •
• • • • •
•
I2a2a1b2a2a1a1a1a S434/Z79
• • • • •
• • • • •
• • •
I2a2a1b2a2a1a2 P195.2
• • • • •
• • • • •
•
I2a2a1b2a2a2 ZS20
• • • • •
• • • • •
• •
I2a2a1b2a2a2* -
• • • • •
• • • • •
• •
I2a2a1b2a2a2a CTS661/L1272
• • • • •
• • • • •
•
I2a2a1b2a2a3 Y4955
• • • • •
• • • • •
• •
I2a2a1b2a2a3* -
• • • • •
• • • • •
• •
I2a2a1b2a2a3a Y5695
• • • • •
• • • • •
I2a2a1b2a2b L1425
• • • • •
• • • • •
•
I2a2a1b2a2b* -
• • • • •
• • • • •
•
I2a2a1b2a2b1 CTS5332.2/PF7472.2
• • • • •
• • •
I2a2a1b2a3 L1290, L1317
• • • • •
• • •
I2a2a1b2b L623, L147.3
• • • • •
• • •
I2a2a1b2c CTS11871/S3673
• • • • •
I2a2a2 L1228
• • • •
I2a2b L38/S154, L39/S155, L40/S156,
L65.1/S159.1, L272.3
• • • • •
I2a2b* -
• • • • •
I2a2b1 L533/S295
• • • • •
I2a2b2 S2606
• • • • •
•
I2a2b2* -
• • • • •
•
I2a2b2a S24121
• •
I2b L415/S435, L416,
L417/S332
• •
I2c L596/PF6907/S292, L597/S333
• • •
I2c* -
• • •
I2c1 PF3892, PF3904, PF3918, PF3924, PF3933
• • • •
I2c1* -
• • • •
I2c1a L1251
• • • •
I2c1b CTS4092
• • • • •
I2c1b* -
• • • • •
I2c1b1 CTS7767.1
• • • • •
•
I2c1b1* -
• • • • •
•
I2c1b1a PF6328
• • • • •
• •
I2c1b1a* -
• • • • •
• •
I2c1b1a1 F2044
• • •
I2c2 PF3827
Frequently Mutating SNPs are SNPs that appear many times in many places either in one or more
haplogroups. They are inconsistent and not useful for genealogical purposes.
- L69/S163 - Removed from I in 2011 and IJK in 2012.
Private SNPs - After having been investigated, these SNPs have not met the population distribution
criteria for placement on the tree. Either too few confirmed positive testers have been found OR multiple
confirmed testers were confined to either a single surname or to a small group of related males.
- S79: One confirmed results downstream from P30; considered a private snp, was previously
listed as I1e. Listed 26 Sep 2008.
- L592: Out of 15 men tested, only three, all with the Straub surname, were derived. This
snp is downstream from Z140/Z141. Listed February 15, 2012.
- L211: Downstream from L64 et al. As of 16 April 2012, 219 men have tested from L211, of
which only two of the same surname have been confirmed as L211+
- M21:One confirmed tester in Underhill et al (197), downstream for L64 et al. As of 17 April
2012, 969 men in the FTDNA I1 Project have tested and all are ancestral.
- M507/P259: One confirmed result in Karafet et al (2008) downstream from L64 35 al. As of
17 April 2012, 679 men in the FTDNA I1 Project have tested and all are ancestral.
- M379: Downstream of M223, only one instance of M379+ is known, a Pakistani male in Polarity
and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-ChromosomeDistributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and
Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists by Sengupta et al. The Pakistani sample was derived
for M223. In the FTDNA I2b1/M223 Project, 237 men have tested for M379 and all were ancestral. Listed 28 June 2012.
- M161/PF4447 is downstream of L160. Listed 5 August 2012.
SNPs under Investigation - Additional testing is needed to confirm adequate positive samples
and/or correct placement on the tree.
- L234; Located at appoximately I-M253. Listed 8 Feb 2011.
- L242; Located downstream of I-M253, found in an I1-L75 participant.
Listed 21 Sep 2011.
- L410; Located at approximately I-M253. Listed 21 Sep 2011.
- V218.2; Found in a hg I-M223 WTY participant. Listed 4 March 2012.
- S336/Z75 is located at approximately I-L22. Listed 9 July 2012.
- S297/Z718 is downstream of L22 and parallel to L287. Listed 9 July 2012.
- L387.2, L700, L705.1/S465.1 and L706.1 are at approximately
L622. Listed 15 July 2012.
- L673 is possibily phyloequivalent to M26. Listed 5 August 2012.
- S294/Z106 is downstream of Z118. Listed 5 August 2012.
- Z109, Z112 and Z124 are at approximately L160 and are possibily phylogequivalent to
Z106. Listed 5 August 2012.
- Z119 and Z125 are downstream of L160 and possibly
phyloequivalent to Z118. Listed 5 August 2012.
- Z2041 is approximately at Z382. Listed 8 November 2012.
- L1274 and L1275 are approximately at M253. Listed 1
December 2012.
- CTS7362/S4713/Z2539 is located downstream of Z60, Z61, Z62. Listed 12 May 2013.
- L1224 is located at approximately L178, M423. Listed 29 January 2014.
- L96/S196 is located downstream of DF29/S438. Listed 17 October 2014.
- L1450, L1451, L1452, Z2037, Z2038, Z2040 are located at approximately Z382.
Listed 24 October 2014.
- PF3881/S6673 is located at approximately L596. Listed 24 October 2014.
- M359.2/P41.2 is most likely located downstream of S17250 according to Ken Nordtvedt.
Cinnioglu et al(2004) showed one M359.2 sample from Turkey under P37.2; Battaglia et al (2009) showed three M359.2
results from Bosnia and Turkey under M423; Martinez-Cruz et al, Y-Chromosome Analysis in Individuals Bearing the
Basarab Name of the First Dynasty of Wallachian Kings (2012) showed two P41.2 results from Romania and
Bulgaria. With the continued development of the tree, this snp needs more testing for proper placement. Listed
24 October 2014.
- A376 is located at approximately L338. Listed 17 November 2014.
- A493 is located at approximately CTS5966. Listed 17 November 2014.
- A811 is located downstream of Y4882. Listed 17 November 2014.
- A813, A814 are located at approximately PF4135. Listed 17 November 2014.
- A815 is located downstream of Z16971. Listed 17 November 2014.
- A824 is located at approximately L126/S165. Listed 17 November 2014.
- BY12, BY13, BY14 are located at approximately S243/Z63. Listed 17 November 2014.
- BY128 is located at approximately Z16971. Listed 17 November 2014.
- BY18, BY138 is located at approximately Z2054. Listed 17 November 2014.
- BY148 is located at approximately L1302. Listed 17 November 2014.
- BY19, BY20, BY21, BY22/FGC18100, BY23/S6625, BY24, BY25, BY26, BY27, BY29 is
located at approximately L596/PF6907/S292. Listed 17 November 2014.
- BY211, BY212, BY213, BY214, BY215, BY216, BY217, BY218, BY220, BY222, BY223, BY224,
BY225, BY226, BY228, BY230, BY232, BY233, BY234, BY235, BY236, BY240, BY244, BY245, BY269, BY270, BY271, BY272,
BY273, BY274, BY275, BY276, BY277, BY278 are located at L1302. Listed 17 November 2014.
Notes
- Identical SNPs that were discovered separately are listed in alphabetical order, not necessarily in
the order of discovery, and separated by "/". Examples: M307.1/P203.1, M450/S109, M438/P215, P41.2/M359.2, M436/P214/S33,
P222/U250, L126/S165, L137/S166, L38/S154, L39/S155, L40/S156, and L65/S159.
- Thanks to Natalie Myres, and Jim Wilson for their consultation on Haplogroup I.
- Page76: published accounts place this downstream from M170, which appears to be incorrect. A haplogroup J man has tested
Page76- as expected, but three I1 males were Page76- as well. No known I male has been tested for Page76. Therefore Page76 is possibly
in I2, but definitely not at the I node.
- Page123: The precise location of Page123 is uncertain. It is derived in four men with Haplogroup I1 SNPS and ancestral
for one man in Haplogroup J. It has not been tested in Haplogroup I2.
Y-DNA haplogroup I is a European haplogroup, representing nearly one-fifth of the
population. It is almost non-existent outside of Europe, suggesting that it arose in Europe.
Estimates of the age of haplogroup I suggest that it arose prior to the last Glacial Maximum.
The two main subgroups of haplogroup I likely divided approximately 28,000 years ago:
- I1-M253 et al has highest frequency in Scandinavia, Iceland, and northwest Europe.
In Britain, haplogroup I1-M253 et al is often used as a marker for "invaders," Viking
or Anglo-Saxon. The I1b-M227 subclade is concentrated in eastern Europe and the Balkans
and appears to have arisen in the last one thousand to five thousand years. It has been
reported in Germany, Czech Republic, Poland, Estonia, Ukraine, Switzerland, Slovenia,
Bosnia, Macedonia, Croatia, and Lebanon.
- I2-M438 et al includes I2* which shows some membership from Armenia, Georgia and Turkey;
I2a1-P37.2, which is the most common form in the Balkans and Sardinia. I2a1a-M26 is especially prevalent
in Sardinia. I2a2-M436 et al reaches its highest frequency along the northwest coast of continental
Europe. I2a2a-M223 et al occurs in Britain and northwest continental Europe. I2a2a1-M284 occurs almost
exclusively in Britain, so it apparently originated there and has probably been present for
thousands of years.
References:
Athey et al,
Resolving the Placement of Haplogroup I-M223 in the Y-chromosome Phylogenetic Tree. (pdf)
Journal of Genetic Genealogy, 1:54-55, 2005.
Battaglia et al,
Y-chromosomal Evidence
of the Cultural Diffusion of Agriculture in Southeast Europe European Journal of Human Genetics, 249. 2008.
Behar et al,
Genome-Wide Structure of the Jewish People.
Nature, 446:238-42, 2010.
Bosch et al,
Paternal and Maternal Lineages in the Balkans Show a Homogeneous Landscape over Linguistis Barriers
except for the Isolated Aromuns.
Annals of Human Genetics, 70:459-87, (2006).
Cinnioglu et al,
Excavating Y-chromosome Haplotype Strata in Anatolia. (pdf) Human Genetics. 114:127-148, 2004.
El Sibai et al,
Geographical
Structure of the Y-Chromosomal Genetic Landscape of the Levant: A Coastal Inland
Contrast, Annals of Human Genetics, 73:568-81, 2009. (abstract)
Francalacci et al,
Low-Pass DNA Sequencing of 1200 Sardinians Reconstructs European Y-Chromosome Phylogeny.
Science: Vol. 341 no. 6145, pp. 565-569, DOI: 10.1126/science.1237947, 2 August 2013.
Ghiani, et al,
Population data for Y-chromosome haplotypes defined by AmpFlSTR YFiler PCR amplification kit in
North Sardinia (Italy), Collegium Antropologicum, 33 (2): 643-51, 2009.
Karafet et al,
New Binary Polymorphisms Reshape and Increase Resolution of the Human Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup
Tree. Abstract. Genome Research, published online April 2, 2008.
Supplementary Material.
Rootsi et al,
Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup I Reveals Distinct Domains of Prehistoric Gene
Flow In Europe. American Journal of Human Genetics, 75:128-137, 2004.
Rozen et al,
Remarkably Little Variation in Proteins Encoded by the Y Chromosome's Single-Copy Genes, Implying
Effective Purifying Selection. American Journal of Human Genetics, 85:923-928, 2009.
Scheinfeldt et al,
Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia.
Society for Molecular Biology, 2006.
Sims et al,
Sub-Populations Within the Major European and African Derived Haplogroups R1b3 and
E3a Are Differentiated by Previously Phylogenetically Undefined Y-SNPs.
Human Mutation: Mutation in Brief #940, Online, 2007.
Underhill et al,
New Phylogenetic Relationships for Y-chromosome Haplogroup I: Reappraising its Phylogeography and Prehistory
in Rethinking the Human Evolution, Mellars P, Boyle K, Bar-Yosef O, Stringer C, Eds.
McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, UK, pp. 33-42, 2007b. (not available online)
Underhill et al,
The Phylogeography of Y Chromosome Binary Haplotypes and the Origins of Modern Human
Populations. (pdf) Annals of Human Genetics, 65:43-62, 2001.
Underhill et al,
Y Chromosome Sequence Variation and the History of Human Populations. (pdf) Nature Genetics, 26:
358-361, 2000.
Y Chromosome Consortium (YCC),
A Nomenclature System for the Tree of Human Y-Chromosomal Binary Haplogroups. Genome
Research, 12:339-348, 2002.
Additional Resources:
ISOGG Wiki - What you need to know about Genetic Genealogy.
Founder Haplotypes (Modal Haplotypes for Y-Haplogroup I
Varieties), Ken Nordtvedt.
Deep Ancestry of I1a DYS19=16
Cluster, Phil Goff.
I1b* Project Database, Timothy Weakley.
Family Tree DNA Projects:
Haplogroup I Y-DNA Project, Bob Waterous, Bernie Cullen, Paul Stone.
I1 Y-DNA Haplogroup Project,
Phil Goff, Aaron J. Hill, Steve Transgrud, Yme Drost, Ken Nordtvedt, William Hartley and Paul Stone.
I1>Z58+ and I1>Z63+ Project, Aaron Salles Torres,
Paul Stone, William Hartley, Wim Penninx.
I1d - L22/S142 Project, Yme Drost, Albert Hulse.
I1d2 (L205+) Project, Yme Drost.
The I1-L1302 Project, Peter Sjölund, Jakob Norstedt-Moberg
I1-Z140 YDNA Project, William Hartley, Wim Penninx and Aleksandr Shtrunov.
Y-Haplogroup I2a Project, Bernie Cullen,
Bill Morrow, Ken Nordtvedt, Zdenko Markovic.
I2b2 L38+ Project, Timothy Weakley, Hans De Beule,
Ken Nordtvedt.
I2b L415 I2c L596 Haplogroup Project,
Russ Livingstone, Bob May, Peter Hrechdakian, Ken Nordtvedt, Hovann Simonian.
Iberian I1 Project, Aaron Salles Torres.
I-L161 (I2a-Isles), Robert Gabel.
I-M223 Y-Haplogroup Project, Aaron Salles Torres,
Wayne Roberts, Ken Nordtvedt, George Anthony, Scott Engel Stewart.
The I1d1 (I-P109) yDNA Haplogroup Project,
Rebekah Canada, Nicolas Taban.
I1 Eastern Europe, Aleksandr Shtrunov.
Corrections/Additions made since 1 January 2014:
- Added Z2540 to tree on 5 January 2014.
- Added S332, S338 to tree on 6 January 2014.
- Added CTS5783 to tree on 18 January 2014.
- Added L845, Y1868, YSC0000278 to tree on 23 January 2014.
- Added CTS176/S2621, CTS1293/S2632, CTS1802/S2638, CTS5375/S2679, CTS5985/S2687, CTS7218/S2702,
CTS8239/S2715, CTS8486/S2722, CTS11030/S2768, L1224 to Investigation on 29 January 2014.
- Added PF3580, PF3721, PF4004 to tree on 30 January 2014.
- Added S435, S436 to tree ; moved CTS176/S2621, CTS1293/S2632, CTS1802/S2638,
CTS5375/S2679, CTS5985/S2687, CTS7218/S2702, CTS8239/S2715, CTS8486/S2722, CTS11030/S2768 from Investigation
to tree on 31 January 2014.
- Added Zdenko Markovic as Contact Person on 1 February 2014.
- Added S4698 to tree; added S465.1, S4713 to Investigation on 1 February 2014.
- Added PF3742 to tree on 2 February 2014.
- Added S1954/YSC0000261 to tree on 5 March 2014.
- Added S2078 to tree on 9 March 2014.
- Moved L880 from Investigation to tree; added P195.2 to Investigation on 10 March 2014.
- Added .l to CTS7767; added L1498 to tree on 16 March 2014.
- Updated Additional Resources on 31 March 2014.
- Added L1294 to tree on 8 April 2014.
- Added CTS6397, S10360, S15301, S17023, S26266 to tree on 26 April 2014.
- Added .2 to Z2540 and added PF2805.2 to tree on 3 May 2014.
- Added L69/S163 to Frequently Mutating SNPs on 13 May 2014.
- Changed L147.4 to L147.3 on 14 May 2014.
- Added Bob May as a Contact for I2c on 30 May 2014.
- Added A196, CTS661/L1272, P53.3, ZS20; moved P195.2 from Investigation to tree on 30 May 2014.
- Fixed positioning of ZS20, CTS661/L1272 on 2 June 2014.
- Added L849.2 to tree; moved L672/S327 from Investigation to tree on 27 August 2014.
- Added CTS48/PF3569, CTS70/PF3570, CTS88/PF3571, CTS646/PF3629, CTS674/FI1/PF3630, CTS772/PF3631, CTS1006,
CTS1301/PF3635, CTS1555/PF3696, CTS1800/PF3699, CTS2193/PF3703, CTS2387/PF3705, CTS2514/PF3706, CTS2536/PF3707,
CTS3076/PF3712, CTS3383/PF3716, CTS3384/PF3717, CTS3517/PF3719, CTS3641/PF3722, CTS4077/PF3725, CTS4088/PF3868,
CTS4209/PF3726, CTS4239/PF3727, CTS4272/PF3728, CTS4273/PF3729, CTS4340/PF3730, CTS4637, CTS4664, CTS4745/PF3734,
CTS4752/PF3735, CTS4848/FI7/PF3736, CTS4982/PF3737, CTS5016/PF3738, CTS5150/PF3739, CTS5263, CTS5622/PF3743,
CTS5650/PF3744, CTS5764/PF3746, CTS5908/PF3747, CTS5946/PF3748, CTS6231/PF3750, CTS6265/PF3871, CTS6271/PF3751,
CTS6334/PF3752, CTS6343/PF3753, CTS6344/PF3754, CTS6497/PF3756, CTS6751/PF3757, CTS7026/PF3758, CTS7329, CTS7469,
CTS7502/PF3760, CTS7540/PF3761, CTS7593/PF3763, CTS7831/PF3766, CTS8064/PF3768, CTS8257, CTS8300/PF3770,
CTS8333/PF3771, CTS8345/PF3772, CTS8420/PF3773, CTS8545/PF3775, CTS8742/PF3776, CTS8876/PF3778, CTS8963,
CTS9264/PF3782, CTS9269/PF3783, CTS9484/PF3785, CTS9618/PF3786, CTS9838/PF3788, CTS9860/PF3790, CTS10058,
CTS10941/PF3838, CTS11369/PF3840, CTS11441, CTS11540/PF3842, CTS11779/PF3844, CTS11979/PF3878, FI2/YSC0000281,
FI3/L756/PF3662/YSC0000284, FI4/PF3668, FGC2411/Y1877, FGC2412/Y1909, FGC2413/Y1869, FGC2414/Y1903, FGC2415/Y1880,
FGC2416/S10441/Y1865, FGC2417, FGC2418/Y1841, FGC2419, FGC2420/Y1907, FGC2421/Y1931, FGC2424, FGC2443/Y1834,
FCG2447, FGC2453, FGC2456, FGC2458/Y1942, FGC2467, FGC3436, FGC7049, FGC7050,
L503, L578/PF3653, L751/PF3779/YSC0000291, L755/PF3659/YSC0000283,
L758/PF3663/YSC0000285, L772/PF3731/YSC0000263, L844/PF3572/YSC0000275, L846/PF3646/YSC0000280,
L847/PF3841/YSC0000298, L1197/PF3718/YSC0000260, M1460/PF3816, M11064/PF3634, PF3574, PF3575, PF3578, PF3585,
PF3586, PF3588, PF3589, PF3590, PF3592, PF3594, PF3596, PF3599, PF3600, PF3601, PF3602, PF3603, PF3604, PF3605,
PF3611, PF3612, PF3616, PF3617, PF3618, PF3620, PF3622, PF3625, PF3627.2/V218.2, PF3639, PF3640, PF3641, PF3642,
PF3645, PF3649, PF3654, PF3660, PF3661, PF3665, PF3666, PF3670, PF3672, PF3675, PF3677, PF3685, PF3687, PF3689,
PF3694, PF3695, PF3742/U1791, PF3759/YSC0000267, PF3780, PF3794, PF3795, PF3796, PF3797, PF3799, PF3800, PF3803,
PF3804, PF3806, PF3807, PF3809, PF3811, PF3813, PF3814, PF3815, PF3817, PF3819, PF3822, PF3828, PF3829, PF3833,
PF3836, PF3837, PF3847/YSC0000300, PF3864, Y1847, YSC0000256, YSC0000272, Z16984, Z16985, Z16986, Z16987 to tree
on 12 September 2014.
- Added CTS5966, CTS10228 to tree on 15 September 2014.
- Added A417 to tree on 18 September 2014.
- Added PF4088/S5312 to tree on 19 September 2014.
- Adjusted contact names with relationships to contact people on 24 September 2014.
- Added S17250 to tree on 25 September 2014.
- Added CTS11871, L1425, S2364, S3673, S7753, S23612, S25733, Y2245.2, Y3721, Y4884, Y4955, Z2057, Z2083, Z2093 to tree
on 26 September 2014.
- Added PF3892, PF3904, PF3918, PF3924, PF3933 to tree on 27 September 2014.
- Added FGC20048/Y4171 with S7753 and corrected it's mutation to G->T in the index on 29 September 2014.
- Added A427, CTS11338/PF4194, L939.1, Y4750 on 30 September 2014.
- Added FGC15106/Y4334, Y3681, Y4332, Z2058, Z2069 on 1 October 2014.
- Added BY151 to tree on 3 October 2014.
- Added A356/Z16983, Y4882, Z16971 to tree on 6 October 2014.
- Added S197 to tree; added L96.2/S196.2 to I Investigation on 17 October 2014.
- Updated names associated with I1>Z58+ and I1>Z63+ Project on 18 October 2014.
- Added CTS10936, F1295, PF4189, Y3118, Y4460 to tree; moved Z118 from Investigation to tree; added L1450,
L1451, L1452, PF3881/S6673, PF6328, Z2037, Z2038, Z2040 to investigation; moved M359.2/P41.2 from tree to
Investigation on 24 October 2014.
- Added CTS4922, Y3684, Y3713, Z180, Z185 on 25 October 2014.
- Added BY126, BY147, F2044, PF3827 to tree; moved PF6328 from Investigation to tree on 26 October 2014.
- Added CTS4092, S2606, S24121 on 27 October 2014.
- Added BY11, BY14, S11542, Y5695 on 30 October 2014.
- Added CTS5332.2/PF7472.2, PF4135 on 1 November 2014.
- Added YP204 to tree on 5 November 2014.
- Added BY62, CTS3848, FGC9550/Y6634, FGC14479, Y3969, Y6228, Y6229, Y6375, Y6383 to tree on 9 November 2014.
- Added CTS595, L1286, L1287, S21825 to tree on 13 November 2014.
- Added A376, A493, A811, A813, A814, A815, A824, BY12, BY13, BY14, BY18, BY19, BY20, BY21, BY22/FGC18100,
BY23/S6625, BY24, BY25, BY26, BY27, BY29, BY128, BY138, BY148, BY211, BY212, BY213, BY214, BY215, BY216, BY217,
BY218, BY220, BY222, BY223, BY224, BY225, BY226, BY228, BY230, BY232, BY233, BY234, BY235, BY236, BY240, BY244,
BY245, BY269, BY270, BY271, BY272, BY273, BY274, BY275, BY276, BY277, BY278 to I Investigation on 17 November 2014.
