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Version History Last
revision date for this specific page: 5 October 2014
Because of continuing research, the structure of the Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree changes and ISOGG does its best to keep the tree updated with the latest developments in the field. The viewer may observe other versions of the tree on the Web. Email Alice Fairhurst if the differences need clarification or if you find any broken links on this page.
LINKS: Main Page Y-DNA Tree Trunk SNP Index Papers/Presentations Cited Glossary Listing Criteria |
CLADE/SUBCLADE SYMBOLS: Added Redefined |
SNP SYMBOLS: Not on 2013 tree Confirmed within subclade Provisional Private Investigation |
The criteria for a representative SNP printed in bold for a subclade is: traditional usage, testing one in multiple labs, and/or being found in the area of the chromosome used in recent research studies.
SNPs listed below in italics (colored black or red) are quality variants from next-generation sequencing reports consistently showing as representing that subgroup.
Contact Person for Haplogroup S: Gareth Henson
S M230, P202, P204
•
S* -
•
S1 M254
• •
S1* -
• •
S1a P57
• •
S1b P61
• •
S1c P83
• •
S1d M226.1
NOTES:
Y-DNA haplogroup S is a major haplogroup in the highlands of mainland Papua New Guinea where it is found at frequencies of around 50% in some populations and is also present at lower frequencies in adjacent islands of Indonesia and Melanesia.
References:
Cox M P & Lahr M M,
Y-Chromosome Diversity Is Inversely Associated with Language Affiliation in Paired
Austronesian- and Papuan-Speaking Communities from Solomon Islands. (pdf)
American Journal of Human Biology, 18:35-50, 2006.
Karafet et al,
New Binary Polymorphisms Reshape and Increase Resolution of the Human Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup
Tree. Abstract. Genome Research, published online April 2, 2008.
Supplementary Material.
Kayser et al,
Independent Histories of Human Y Chromosomes from Melanesia and Australia.
American Journal of Human Genetics, 68:173-190, 2001.
Kayser et al,
Melanesian and Asian Origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y-Chromosome Gradients across
the Pacific. MBE Advance Access published August 21, 2006.
Kayser et al.
Reduced Y-Chromosome, but Not Mitochondrial DNA, Diversity in Human Populations from West New
Guinea. American Journal of Human Genetics, 72:281-302, 2003.
Mona et al,
Patterns of Y-chromosome Diversity Intersect with the Trans-New Guinea Hypothesis.
Mol Biol Evol. 2007 Sep 10; [Epub ahead of print]
Scheinfeldt et al,
Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia.
Society for Molecular Biology, 2006.
Additional Resources:
ISOGG Wiki - What you need to know about Genetic Genealogy.
Corrections/Additions made since 1 January 2014:
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