Y-DNA Haplogroup T and its Subclades - 2014

Because of continuing research, the structure of the Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree changes and ISOGG does its best to keep the tree updated with the latest developments in the field. The viewer may observe other versions of the tree on the Web. Email Alice Fairhurst if the differences need clarification or if you find any broken links on this page.

The criteria for a representative SNP printed in bold for a subclade is: traditional usage, testing one in multiple labs, and/or being found in the area of the chromosome used in recent research studies.

SNPs listed below in italics (colored black or red) are quality variants from next-generation sequencing reports consistently showing as representing that subgroup.

Contact Person for Haplogroup T: Gareth Henson

Link to Experimental Composite Y-DNA Haplogroup T Tree by Ray Banks.

T   M184/Page34/USP9Y+3178, CTS150, CTS482/PF5596, CTS493/PF5597, CTS573, CTS3585/PF5618, CTS3837, CTS4014, CTS4652/PF5547, CTS5035, CTS5268/PF7471, CTS5336/PF5626, CTS6045/PF5629, CTS6275/PF7447, CTS6887/PF5637, CTS7164, CTS7263, CTS7426, CTS7749/L810/PF5640, CTS8247, CTS8994, CTS10416/PF5655, CTS10700, CTS10879, CTS11569, CTS12657, L445, L452, L455/PF5670, M272/PF5667, Page129, PF5529, PF5537, PF5568, PF5587, PF5590, PF5603, PF5607, PF5613, PF5661, PF5674, PF5678, PF7460, PF7464, PF7466, PF7480
• T*   -
• T1   M193, L206, L490
• • T1*   -
• • T1a   M70/Page46/PF5662, CTS2336, CTS5332.1/PF7472.1, CTS5364, CTS5987, CTS6004, CTS6214/PF5631, CTS6375, CTS6577, CTS6805/PF5636, CTS8004/PF5641, CTS8397/PF5646, CTS9268/PF5651, CTS9308, CTS10278, CTS11054, CTS11746, Page78, PF5518, PF5592, PF5602, PF5604, PF5608, PF5659, PF5660, PF5664, PF5666, PF7463, PF7465, PF7481
• • • T1a*   -
• • • T1a1   L162/Page21, L454, CTS484, CTS550, CTS3271, CTS5542/PF5627, CTS5690, CTS8065/PF5642, CTS11078, CTS11556, L299/PF5675, L453/PF5617, PF5567, PF5593, PF5594, PF5658, FGC3945.2/Z526.2
• • • • T1a1*   -
• • • • T1a1a   L208/Page2, CTS931, CTS1818, CTS2611, CTS4085/PF5620, CTS4916, CTS6000/PF7446, CTS7169/PF7448, CTS9163, CTS9506/PF7450, L905
• • • • • T1a1a*   -
• • • • • T1a1a1   Z709
• • • • • • T1a1a1*   -
• • • • • • T1a1a1a   FGC3988/Z710, CTS8512, Z713, Z714
• • • • • • • T1a1a1a*   -
• • • • • • • T1a1a1a1   P77, CTS2860, CTS7225/L907, CTS11968, CTS660/L906
• • • • • • • • T1a1a1a1*   -
• • • • • • • • T1a1a1a1a   CTS6507
• • • • • • • • • T1a1a1a1a*   -
• • • • • • • • • T1a1a1a1a1   CTS9882
• • • • • T1a1a2   P321
• • • • • • T1a1a2*   -
• • • • • • T1a1a2a   P317
• • • • • T1a1a3   PF7443, PF7444, PF7445, PF7453, PF7457, PF7458
• • • T1a2   L131, CTS2157
• • • • T1a2*   -
• • • • T1a2a   P322, P328
• • • • T1a2b   L446, CTS11796, CTS12108
• • • T1a3   L1255

Private SNPs are being removed from the tree and placed in the following category:
Private SNPs - After investigation these SNPs have not met the population distribution criteria for placement on the tree: either too few confirmed positive testers have been found OR multiple confirmed testers were confined to a single surname or to a small group of related males.

• M320 is downstream of M70. It was reported in a single Druze sample in Shen et al (2004). Its placement relative to other SNPs under M70 is unknown. Listed 8 August 2012.
• P330 is downstream of L162. It was reported in a single Assyrian sample in Mendez et al (2011). Its placement relative to L905 is unknown. Listed 8 August 2012.
• P327 is downstream of P322. It was reported in four closely related Palestinian samples in Mendez et al (2011). Listed 8 August 2012.
• L1254 is downstream of L1255 and found in one branch of a Kuwaiti family. Listed 7 October 2012.
• L447 is located downstream of L446; found in a single Armenian sample. Listed 11 January 2013.

SNPs under Investigation - Additional testing is needed to confirm adequate positive samples and/or correct placement on the tree.

• L947 is downstream of L162. Listed 8 August 2012.
• L1364, L1365 are at approximately P77; found in a single WTY individual. Listed 11 January 2013.
• CTS4201/PF5621, CTS4652/PF5547, CTS6276, L692, CTS549/L1322/PF5598, PF5588, PF5589, PF5609, PF5610, PF5612, PF5657, PF5673 may be equivalent to M184, L206 or M70. Listed 13 January 2013.
• CTS2214 is between L208 and Z709. Listed 21 July 2014.
• CTS6280 is downstream of CTS6507. Listed 21 July 2014.
• CTS1774, CTS3767, CTS8862, CTS9984, CTS11984 are downstream of L446. Listed 21 July 2014.
• CTS11451 is downstream of L208/Pages2. Listed 15 October 2014.

NOTES:

• Haplogroup T was formerly called K2 and was first called T in the Karafet et al (2008) paper.
• Identical SNPs that were discovered separately are listed in alphabetical order, not necessarily in the order of discovery, and separated by "/". Examples M184/USP9Y+3178.

Y-DNA haplogroup T is found at low frequencies throughout Europe and in parts of the Middle East, North Africa, and East Africa. A famous person in Haplogroup T was Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809.

References:

Alonso et al, The Place of the Basques in the European Y-chromosome Diversity Landscape. (available by subscription) European Journal of Human Genetics, 13:1293-1302, 2005.
Bortolini et al, Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas. American Journal of Human Genetics, 73:524–539, (2003).
Capredon et al, Tracing Arab-Islamic Inheritance in Madagascar: Study of the Y-chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA in the Antemoro. PLoS ONE 8(11): e80932. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080932, 2013.
Cinnioglu et al, Excavating Y-chromosome Haplotype Strata in Anatolia. (pdf) Human Genetics. 114:127-148, 2004.
Cruciani et al, A Back Migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa Is Supported by High-Resolution Analysis of Human Y-Chromosome Haplotypes. American Journal of Human Genetics, 70:1197-1214, 2002.
Flores et al, Reduced Genetic Structure of the Iberian Peninsula Revealed by Y-chromosome Analysis: Implications for Population Demography. (pdf) European Journal of Human Genetics, 12:855-863, 2004.
Francalacci et al, Low-Pass DNA Sequencing of 1200 Sardinians Reconstructs European Y-Chromosome Phylogeny. Science: Vol. 341 no. 6145, pp. 565-569, DOI: 10.1126/science.1237947, 2 August 2013.
Herrera et al, Neolithic Patrilineal Signals Indicate that the Armenian Plateau was Repopulated by Agriculturalists. European Journal of Human Genetics, 10.1038/ejhg.2011.192, 2011.
Karafet et al, New Binary Polymorphisms Reshape and Increase Resolution of the Human Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup Tree. Abstract. Genome Research, published online April 2, 2008. Supplementary Material.
Kivisild et al, The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists in Both Indian Tribal and Caste Populations. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 72:313-332, 2003.
Mendez et al, Increased Resolution of Y Chromosome Haplogroup T Defines Relationships among Populations of the Near East, Europe, and Africa. Human Biology 83(1):39-53, 2011.
Regueiro et al, Iran: Tricontinental Nexus for Y-Chromosome Driven Migration. (abstract) Human Heredity, Vol. 61, No 3, 132-143, 2006.
Semino et al, Ethiopians and Khoisan Share the Deepest Clades of the Human Y-Chromosome Phylogeny. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 70:265-268, 2002.
Rozen et al, Remarkably Little Variation in Proteins Encoded by the Y Chromosome's Single-Copy Genes, Implying Effective Purifying Selection. American Journal of Human Genetics. 2009 December 11; 85(6): 923-928.
Sengupta et al, Polarity and Temporality of High Resolution Y-chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 78:202-221, 2006.
Shen et al, Reconstruction of Patrilineages and Matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli Populations from Y-Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation. (pdf) Human Mutation, 24:248-260, 2004.
Su et al, Y-chromosome Evidence for a Northward Migration of Modern Humans into Eastern Asia during the Last Ice Age. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 65:1718-1724, 1999.
Thangaraj et al, Genetic Affinities of the Andaman Islanders, a Vanishing Human Population. (pdf) Current Biology, 13:86-93, 2003.

Additional Resources:
ISOGG Wiki - What you need to know about Genetic Genealogy.
The Y-DNA Haplogroup T (former K2) Project, Gareth Henson, Peter Hrechdakian.
Haplogroup T - Walk Through the Y Project, Paul Woods, Doyle Mathis, Gareth Henson.

Corrections/Additions made since 1 January 2014:

• Added CTS660, CTS7749, PF5640 to tree; added CTS549 to Investigation on 30 January 2014.
• Moved CTS150, CTS482/PF5596, CTS493/PF5597, CTS573, CTS3585/PF5618, CTS3837, CTS4014, CTS4652/PF5547, CTS5035, CTS5268/PF7471, CTS5336/PF5626, CTS6045/PF5629, CTS6275/PF7447, CTS6887/PF5637, CTS7164, CTS7263, CTS7426, CTS8247, CTS8994, CTS10416/PF5655, CTS10700, CTS10879, CTS11569, CTS12657, PF5529, PF5537, PF5568, PF5587, PF5590, PF5603, PF5607, PF5613, PF5661, PF5674, PF5678, PF7460, PF7464, PF7466, PF7480 from Investigation to tree on 21 July 2014.
• Moved CTS2336, CTS5332/PF7472, CTS5364, CTS5987, CTS6004, CTS6214/PF5631, CTS6375, CTS6577, CTS6805/PF5636, CTS8004/PF5641, CTS8397/PF5646, CTS9268/PF5651, CTS9308, CTS10278, CTS11054, CTS11746, PF5518, PF5592, PF5602, PF5604, PF5608, PF5659, PF5660, PF5664, PF5666, PF7463, PF7465, PF7481 from Investigation to tree on 21 July 2014.
• Moved CTS484, CTS550, CTS3271, CTS5542/PF5627, CTS5690, CTS8065/PF5642, CTS11078, CTS11556, PF5567, PF5593, PF5594, PF5658 from Investigation to tree on 21 July 2014.
• Added FGC3945.2/Z526.2 to tree on 21 July 2014.
• Moved CTS931, CTS1818, CTS2611, CTS4085/PF5620, CTS4916, CTS6000/PF7446, CTS7169/PF7448, CTS9163, CTS9506/PF7450 from Investigation to tree on 21 July 2014.
• Moved CTS2157, CTS11796, CTS12108 from Investigation to tree on 21 July 2014.
• Added CTS1774, CTS2214, CTS3767, CTS6280, CTS8862, CTS9984, CTS11984 to Investigation on 21 July 2014.
• Added Experimental Composite Y-DNA Haplogroup T Tree by Ray Banks on 15 October 2014.
• Added FGC3988 to tree; added CTS11451 to Investigation on 15 October 2014.
• Added .1 to CTS5332/PF7472 on 1 November 2014.

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